Bioavailability and possible benefits of wheat intake naturally enriched with selenium and its products was tested. Wheat obtained by application of an original combination and procedure for foliar supplementation of plants with Se was characterized on the average by five times higher content of Se, the main form being L-(+)-selenomethionine (SeMet). Substitution of Se-deficient wheat by wheat naturally enriched with Se and its products contributed to the increase of daily intake on the average by 18 microg (12-35 microg) in volunteers, which is more than 50% of the average daily intake. Six weeks after the beginning of its application, increased daily intake of Se brought about the increase of its concentration in the plasma of the examined persons by 53%, in their erythrocytes by 37%, in their hair by 44%, and in their urine by 54%. This result was comparable to the effect obtained in the course of an 8-wk daily intake of supplements with 100 microg Se in the form of enriched bakery yeast. Analysis of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in plasma, lipid parameters (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), and glucose in serum of volunteers showed that the increased Se intake induced increased GSH-Px activity in blood and decreased concentrations of TBARS, lipid parameters, and glucose in blood. Using only one crop (wheat enriched with Se), the existing deficiency of Se in our population can be alleviated. In this way, one-fourth of our population with lower Se intake than 21 microg/d will satisfy basal requirements, whereas one-half will become moderately deficient in Se instead of distinctly deficient in Se.

Some flavonoids with antioxidant properties from the aerial parts of the plant species Picris echoides (family Asteraceae) were identified. Upon chromatography, the ethyl acetate extract afforded flavonoids, such as flavone apigenin (1) and its glucoside, cosmosiin (2), as well as common plant constituents from this family, flavonol galetin (3 3,4?,5,6,7-pentahydroxyflavone) and 4,4?,6,7-tetrahydroxyaurone (4). The structure of the aurone 4 has not been described so far in the literature and presented a very rare type of aurone skeleton. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by interpretation of their physical and spectral data. The antioxidant activities of different extracts from Picris echoides were measured by the Schaal oven test at 60 ?C and by the Rancimat method at 100 ?C.Water/ethanol extracts (2:8, v/v), in concentrations of 0.02 and 0.05 %, showed lower activity than commercial tocopherol (Tch). On the contrary, the purified ethyl acetate extracts showed a strong concentration-dependent antioxidant effect. The investigation demonstrated that galetin was the main flavonol from this origin. According to the results of the two methods, galetin (3) showed a two-fold better activity than didTch and a lower activity than did butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). The aurone 4 exhibited significantly lower antioxidant activity than did galetin at the same concentration level. Thus, the plant species P. echoides is a new and favorable source of natural lipid antioxidants.

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UvodTritikale je prikladno hranivo za sve vrste živo-tinja, jer predstavlja visok izvor energije. Veoma bitan pokazatelj ekonomskog značaja je i prinos proteina po jedinici površine. Navedena svojstva su značajna za biološku vrednost i tehnološki kvalitet proizvoda namenjenih kako za ishranu ljudi, tako i za ishranu domaćih životinja. Od sadržaja proteina u zrnu zavisi hranljiva vrednost zrna, a samim tim i proizvoda. Belančevine sa većim sadržajem nezamenljivih amino-kiselina imaju veću nutritivnu vrednost, pri čemu najvažniju ulogu ima sadržaj lizina, kao prve defi citarne amino-kiseline kod žita (Ristić i Damme, 2002). Tritikale ima veći procenat proteina i lizina u odnosu na roditeljske vrste i nižu energetsku vrednost u odnosu na pšenicu i kukuruz (Đekić i dr., 2011).Tritikale se već naširoko koristi za ishranu živi-ne (brojlera, nosilja) širom sveta. Kvalitet živinskih proizvoda može se modifi kovati ili obogatiti dodavanjem tritikalea kao hraniva obrocima za ishranu životinja, te poslednjih godina postoji znatan nauč-ni interes za iskorišćavanje tritikalea u stočnoj hrani, mada su podaci o publikovanim istraživanjima u oblasti produktivnosti živine i kvaliteta mesa i jaja oskudniji u odnosu na one o pozitivnom uticaju ove vrste strnih žita na preživare i svinje.U brojlerskoj proizvodnji ispitivanja obuhvataju utvrđivanje uticaja ishrane smešama sa različitim učešćem tritikalea, na proizvodne rezultate i kvantitativne i kvalitativne osobine mesa brojlera.