Autism is a developmental disability that can cause significant emotional, social and behavioral dysfunction. Sleep disorders co-occur in approximately half of the patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep problems in individuals with ASD have also been associated with poor social interaction, increased stereotypy, problems in communication, and overall autistic behavior. Behavioral interventions are considered a primary modality of treatment. There is limited evidence for psychopharmacological treatments in autism; however, these are frequently prescribed. Melatonin, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and α agonists have generally been used with melatonin, having a relatively large body of evidence. Further research and information are needed to guide and individualize treatment for this population group.

Results indicate that residents' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values regarding teaching varies across institutions and training programs. The psychiatry residents in this study do not clearly understand their role as educators with patients and medical students; they have a less clear understanding of teaching techniques, and report spending less time educating patients than do family medicine residents. The differences might be due to different patient populations and treatment settings. The study suggests that psychiatry residents may have difficulty adapting the One-Minute Preceptor technique in psychiatric settings. Results serve as a benchmarking study in a performance-improvement program to enhance psychiatry residents' teaching skills.

Parasomnia is a common pediatric sleep disorder that can cause parents or caregivers distress when experienced by their children. Based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders , parasomnias can be divided into two subgroups: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias and rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnias. REM sleep parasomnias include nightmares, REM behavior disorder, and sleep paralysis, whereas NREM sleep parasomnias include disorders of arousal such as confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep talking, night terrors, and sleep-related eating disorder. This review focuses on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common form of parasomnias—NREM arousal parasomnias. Additionally, this review aims to help clinicians distinguish NREM parasomnias from nocturnal frontal lobe seizures, as this distinction is important to avoid diagnostic delays and inappropriate medication exposure. [ Pediatr Ann . 2017;46(9):e327–e331.]

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Cyberbullying, the use of electronic communication to bully another person with intimidation or threatening messages, has become an ever-increasing public safety concern. Lifetime bullying incidences have doubled in the past 10 years. Although all youth are at risk, the risk is significantly higher for minority and disabled children, adolescent girls, and youth with poor interpersonal relationships and low self-esteem. Enhanced by modern technology, cyberbullies experience an online disinhibition effect due to distance from the victim. Risk factors for cyberbullying include substance use, being raised by authoritarian parenting style, and poor relationship bonds. Because one of the most significant protective factors against cyberbullying victimization is social support, interventions have focused on fostering supportive environments. This article reviews behaviors, epidemiology, characteristics of victims and perpetrators, impact on individuals, and prevention and interventions related to cyberbullying. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2018;48(9):408–415.]