In the present work, problems of optical diagnostics for inhomogeneous layered media are studied by the methods of the radiation transfer theory. A method for finding the relative refraction indices and optical layers thickness based on the results of tomography transmission measurements under a special type of external radiation source is proposed.

The problem of an arbitrary medium probing by use of radiation flux on the bases of the monoenergetic transport equation is considered. The medium is assumed to comprise some bodies, which radiation characteristics differ from ones of the medium. The outgoing radiation density flux is assumed to be measured at a plane nonintersecting the bodies whereas the boundaries of the body projections (shadows) on the plane are to be found. The case when the direct imaging of the objects is embarrassing owing to a strong scattering and absorption within the medium. The current work is being carried out under a special project so the limitations imposed have a specific character. More definite, these limitations are adopted to the problem of the world ocean near-bottom zone probing.

We propose an algorithm for determining the shadows of unknown bodies inside an arbitrary medium probed by radiation only in one direction. We demonstrate a successful performance of the algorithm in the case that on a direct visualization (a photograph) the bodies under consideration are indistinguishable. We study the problem of overlapping the shadows of some objects by others and conclude that this circumstance can improve or worsen the quality of reconstruction depending on the radiation characteristics of the medium. The presented results of numerical experiments show good agreement between theoretical and computational methods.

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