665.753 There are two causes of Russia's lagging behind Western Europe and the USA in stiffening the quality requirements for automotive gasolines. Environmental pollution by exhaust gases only occurs in our country in large cities, since the volume of automotive gasolines consumed per unit of territory is 15-20 times less than in the USA and 4-5 times less than in Europe [1][2][3]. The second cause is the large number of automobiles with engines that satisfy Euro-2 requirements [4].Unleaded automotive gasolines are produced at almost all domestic oil refineries (OR). GOST R 51105-97 and GOST R 51866-2002 which replaced GOST 2084 required a major change in the production technology for their basic components. Fundamentally improving the quality of gasolines is only possible by reducing the total sulfur content -to less than 50(10) ppm, restricting the benzene content -to less than 5-1 vol. %, the total aromatic hydrocarbon content -to less than 35 vol. %, and the olefin content to less than 14 vol. %, and using high-octane additives in them -alcohols or ethers, detergents, and multifunctional additives.The basic components of commercial gasolines are the naphtha cuts from catalytic reforming and cracking. High concentrations of benzene and aromatics or olefins are characteristic of these components.The high benzene content in reforming naphtha cuts is due to aromatization of cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, and n-hexane, and also to disproportionation and dealkylation of C 7 and higher hydrocarbons.The benzene content in the products of transformation is 4.5-5.5 wt. % in reforming of the 85-180°C cut and 1.4 wt. % in reforming of the 105-180°C cut.Removal of cuts that contain the hydrocarbons listed above from the reforming feedstock significantly reduces the supplies of high-octane components of gasoline when the refinery has no isomerization and alkylation processes. In addition, the higher end point in distillation of reforming feedstock negatively affects the vaporizability of commercial gasolines made from naphtha cuts from this process and requires addition of important amounts of light, low-octane, straight-run, IBP-62(85)°C cuts. 0009-3092/06/4204-0235

The results of a pilot run of the LF-35/21-1000 reforming unit with continuous regeneration of the catalyst at LUKOIL -Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez Co. are reported. It was found that all of the blocks and units operate in accordance with the project requirements. Dependences that correlate the quality of reforming naphtha with its yield and the yield of hydrogen-containing gas and power consumption with the output of the unit were obtained.Catalytic reforming naphtha occupies a leading position (52.8 vol. %) in Russia's gasoline stock (more than 30 million tons/year) [1]. This is due to catalytic reforming units with periodic catalyst regeneration, the base for production of high-octane components of unleaded automotive gasolines, as well as catalytic cracking naphthas, in all large oil refineries [2,3]. The proportion of catalytic reforming and cracking naphthas is decreasing significantly in high-quality gasolines due to stiffening of the requirements for the content of benzene (less than 1 vol. %), aromatics (less than 35 vol. %), and olefins (less than 5 vol. %) [4].The universal introduction of catalytic reforming in oil refinery (OR) manufacturing schemes is also due to the fact that hydrogen-containing gas (HCG) is the second target product of this process. The concentration of hydrogen in HCG is 75-93% as a function of modification of the process. Production of environmentally clean jet and diesel fuels is directly correlated with the presence of industrial hydrogen in the refineries, i.e., catalytic reforming units [5].The basic trends in improving catalytic reforming are:the efficiency of the catalysts; 363 • • • • • revamping and retooling the units with a stationary bed of catalyst with a step with continuous regeneration of the catalyst; • • • • • introducing units with continuous regeneration of the catalyst; • • • • • improving process and heat-and mass-exchange equipment [6]. In 2004, LUKOIL -Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez Co. completed construction of the LF-35/21-1000 unit based on Platforming CCR UOP technology at a pressure of 0.35 MPa under a medium-term program for re-equipping and developing production.After completion of construction and starting the unit up, studies were conducted to determine the optimum composition of the feedstock and target product, power consumption and real consumption of material and technical resources, to establish the correspondence of the real operating parameters with the rated parameters, to optimize operation of control systems, and to determine the cycle between repairs based on the results of operating compressor equipment in the different operating conditions of the unit.The studies of the feedstock hydrotreating block were conducted for 138 days, the reforming block was investigated for 132 days, and the catalyst regeneration block was studied for 95 days. The feedstock load varied from 67 to 120 tons/h, and the catalyst circulation rate varied from 400 to 715 kg/h. The unit operated in six regimes.The basic indexes of operation of the hydrotreating block are rep...

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The data on use of the GKD-205 and GKD-300 catalyst system in the L-24/7 unit are generalized. These catalysts lose activity during each regeneration, which negatively affects the unit's operating conditions.In refining diesel fuel of environmental class 2 (Euro-2), the output in feedstock decreases sharply and the temperature in the reactor increases. In addition, they are characterized by low mechanical strength: losses from wear are greater than 10 wt. %. It is recommended that they be replaced by highly effective catalysts with improved operating properties. The development of a comprehensive systems program for retooling and developing the oil refinery without fail includes an analysis of the current state of active plants. Revealing the cause-effect correlations in unsatisfactory operation of units in production of higher quality products is the basis for developing substantiated solutions in improving the technical and technological states of existing and newly constructed units. A comprehensive inspection of fuel cut hydrorefining units to detect problems in their operation was conducted in 2000-2002 at LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez. The results of the inspection of the L-24/7 hydrotreating unit in operation on the system of GKD-205 and GKD-300 domestic catalysts are reported here.Diesel fuels with a residual sulfur content of less than 0.2 wt. % have been produced according to GOST 305 in this unit since 1996. However, after converting the unit to production of diesel fuel with a residual sulfur content of less than 0.05 wt. %, significant worsening of the activity of the catalyst system was noted, especially after regeneration. This was manifested by a decrease in the output of the unit in feedstock, an increase in the

665.753.2:658.5 and V. V. Bulatnikov ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez OJSC. LUKOIL OJSC.MGATKhT. VNII NP OJSC.A medium -term investment program for developing and revamping the company was completed at LUKOIL-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez Co. in 2005. The goal was to increase profitability by producing products that satisfy the current requirements of domestic and foreign markets while simultaneously reducing operating expenses.The program provided for production of petroleum products of European quality: motor fuels, lubricants, waxes, additives, etc., by introducing new energy -saving technologies using modern engineering.In developing the plan for revamping and developing the company according to the requirements of ISO series 9000 international standards with respect to quality, the markets for sale of petroleum products up to 2010 were investigated. As a result, it was found that the demand for jet and diesel fuels will continuously increase both inside the country and abroad. The projected potential annual sales volumes for jet fuel to 2010 for the company are 2 million tons.The progress of domestic jet fuels manufactured by LUKOIL on international markets has been held back because of different requirements for the fuel imposed by the manufacturers of aircraft engines. Despite the fact that batch domestic jet fuels of grades TS -1 and RT (GOST 10227) are much better than Jet A -1 jet fuel with respect to many performance properties and physicochemical indexes, their use for Pratt & Whitney, Rolls -Royce, and General Electric aircraft engines is very limited. This is due to different approaches to assessing the reliability of aviation engineering work as a function of the performance properties of jet fuels.0009-3092/06/4204-0243