The functioning of the secretory organs is closely related to the activity of the immune system. As is well known, this participation is manifested in the fact that at certain stages of activity, the lymphoid cells migrating to the organ can be involved in the regulation of secretion. In addition, the products of the immune system and even its cellular elements can become components of a number of secrets. Colostrum and milk contain a large number of cells of a wide spectrum (up to 1/3 of the volume), of which the number of lymphocytes is up to 16% of leukocytes. Lymphocytes, in an immunologically active form, entering the newborn’s body with colostrum, activate the cellular immunity system. The transport of lymphokinin mediators plays a certain role in this process. Microphages, T- and B-lymphocytes, penetrating through the intercellular spaces into the lymphoid layer of the intestine, transmit immunoreceptors to the prolymphocytes of the newborn, "armed" with their activity to recognize genetically foreign ones. The lymphocytes contained in colostrum are the cells of the immune system that provide cellular and humoral immunity. They are mainly represented by T-cells, B-cells and killer cells. Milk T-cells produce a full spectrum of immune regulatory proteins such as interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha. These cells are the cells of the immune memory. Newborns who received the first portion of colostrum no later than an hour after birth are characterized by an increased number of leukocytes, more pronounced phagocytosis, which indicates the stimulation of hemo- and lymphocytosis. When carrying out transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the epithelial layer of the intestine, cellular elements were found that got there from the intestinal lumen. Microsections show how cells of a lymphoid nature, pushing apart the structures of the epithelial layer, bypass natural barriers and, at the same time, retain their physiological usefulness. The possibility of penetration of immunocompetent cells of the mother’s colostrum into the bloodstream of the young is proved using the natural label of the female’s cells – sex chromatin. Naturally, sex chromatin-labeled cells were sought in male newborns. The detection of colostrum cells in the intestinal wall and bloodstream of the young is approximately 25% in the blood, 1% in the lymph, and about 70% in the intestine. There is no doubt that the leukocytes of colostrum are of exceptional importance in creating immunity in newborn animals.

When udder becomes inflamed during lactation, significant increase of somatic cells count in milk occurs. That is why an express-test based on surfactant’s effects was created. For this purpose 3 groups of samples were formed according to the somatic cell count in cm 3: group 1 - over 4.0*10^5 per cm3 (60 samples); group 2 - up to 4.0*10^5 in cm3 (100 samples); group 3 (control) - 3.0*10^5 in cm3 (30 samples). Experiments were conducted in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. Total amount of examined samples is 190. Somatic cell count in the samples was counted by viscometric method with the use of “Somatos-B.” We use the milk of animals 10–15 days after calving. Milk was mixed 1:1 with reagent, then after 3–4 tube shaking a height of foam column was determined. In the presence of somatic cells the foam forming is depressed. There was a positive reaction with column’s height from 3 to 10 (foaming) and negative reaction is considered to be from 0 to 3 (no foaming). There was a California mastitis test (CMT) as a control which is highly usable as an express-test in Leningrad region of Russia. The comparison of the results of two test show: on group 1 according to CMT 40 samples were positive, and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 2 group according to CMT 10 samples were positive and foaming test determined 60 cases of somatic cells count increasing. On 3 group according to CMT 1 sample was positive and foaming test not determined any somatic cells count increasing. This express method is not requires a big amount of time – it takes 8–10 seconds to mix a reagent and milk and evaluate results. So this method allows us to increase the mastitis diagnostic accuracy.

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