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The expediency of modifying short flax fibre for production of industrial and medical materials was evaluated. The level of transformations in the flax fibres during their modification was demonstrated. The basic trends in the practical implementation of research results were presented.Technologies for production of materials for industrial, medical, and special applications based on domestic flax fibres have now entered the "critical" list and are priority directions in the development of science and technology.Obtaining high-quality, profitable products and cellulose raw material from flax processing wastes (scutching, short flax fibres) is of primary importance, since their inefficient use reduces the economic indexes of flax production. The imperfect primary processing equipment and recently observed coarsening of the flax fibres (increase in the metric number by 2 times, increase in the filament diameter by 1.3-1.4 times, rigidity, noncellulose contaminant content) [1] has resulted in the fact that of the entire volume of fibre separated (25-30% of the weight of the flax stock), no more than 1/3 is suitable for processing textile articles. The remaining low-number raw material is not completely in demand.However, ensuring profitability for flax plants primarily by sale of long flax fibre makes the enterprises in the agroindustrial complex extremely vulnerable. The artificial decrease in the price of long flax fibre to a catastrophically low level (due to imports of similar fibre from China at dumping prices) increased the amount of unsold Russian long flax and consequently exacerbated the crisis in the Russian flax complex. Overcoming the crisis will require changing the strategies for production and use of flax raw material.The results of many studies by different specialists (chemists, economists, process engineers) suggested that exhaustive processing into a primarily new line of articles is one of the main directions in reducing the cost of flax products. The economic calculations show that in comprehensive, efficient use of all kinds of flax raw material (long, short fibres, scutch), the profit from product sales increases significantly, while the profitability is greater than 30% [2].Data is presented in the present article on the technologies developed at the Institute of Chemistry of Solutions (ICS RAS) for modifying flax fibres that allow industrial production of new, not previously produced, high-quality consumer goods and industrial goods from low-number flax.Investigators have been concerned with questions of altering (modifying) flax fibres for a long historical period, more precisely, since 1665, and current studies belong to the fourth stage of development of this direction [3]. Note that the purpose of modification of flax in the first three stages was to change its spinning properties, while the last period is characterized by a large variety of studies and solvable problems.The similarity of cotton and flax filaments stimulated the idea of converting the flax fibre into a cottonized "cotton...

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The electric parameters of "face" underwater discharges were under study. Oscillograms of current and voltage were obtained for various conditions of discharge ignition, and dynamic current-voltage characteristics were obtained. The application of this type of discharge for delignification processes of rough bast fibers (flax, hemp, and jute) in different solutions was investigated. The residual lignin was determined after plasmasolution treatment and after a shorter chemical treatment with reduced alkalinity. Such two-stage treatment was shown to be effective considerably as far as the delignification degree was 68% for flax, 64% for hemp, and 39% for jute, which are higher than those of lignin removal by traditional chemical technologies.