Aim. The article deals with establishing the efficiency of applying control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as factors of health development and academic performance assessment. Materials and methods. We examined 20 fifth-grade male pupils (n = 20) from school No 90 (Togliatti), who formed the basic experimental group and followed a correction and development program. We also examined pupils of the same gender, age, and number at school No 91 (Togliatti) to form the control group with a standard school program. The following methods of diagnostics were used: a computer program ‘Express Assessment of Pupils’ Physical Health’ and heart rate variability assessment by means of Varicard 2.51 hardware and software complex. Results. The article provides the experimental justification of using the dynamics of functional indicators (physical development indexes, heart rate variability) as control and measuring indexes at Physical Education classes. We established that at the initial stage of the pedagogical experiment there were no significant differences between the indicators of physical health in the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, after lessons, including the selection of correction and development exercises depending on physical development indexes and heart rate variability, we registered a significant improvement of the parameters studied. In the control group, there were no significant changes in physical development or health status. Therefore, physiological markers provide a maximal objectivation of physical development, health, and academic progress assessment in pupils at PE lessons. Conclusion. Measuring physical development and health indexes in screening mode allows: 1) to perform a dynamic control of children ontogenesis, 2) to detect and promptly prevent dysontogenesis, 3) to prevent schoolchildren’s disadaptation after overloads.
The article presents results of a comparative survey of cardiovascular system parameters and of integral indexes of physical health diagnostics in differentiated groups of children by age and sex. The children being examined are of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 years old. We studied the dynamics of adaptation processes, which are determined by the sex-age features of the ontogeny of the child's organism and by environmental factors, affecting the development of physical activity in the course of physical education in educational institutions. In addition, we have established sex-age patterns of children's adaptation at the stages of second childhood, adolescent, and early adolescence. The results obtained contribute to a new field of physiology, age adaptology, which allows to predict and prevent dysontogenetic abnormalities in the development of the child's organism.
The number of children born with cerebral palsy (CP) remains stably high. Novel approaches for rehabilitation of such patients are being sought. This study aimed to define the efficiency of the image visualization technologies in play activity for the physical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. Sixteen boys with spastic diplegia aged 7–9 participated in the study. They were divided into treatment group (TG) and control group (CG), 8 children each. The TG patients were trained using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator twice a week for 40 minutes during 8 months. The child was suspended in the horizontal position and looked at the monitor through the specialised eyeglasses. Under the conditions of the marine environment immersion simulation with reduced gravity children performed motor tasks through play: searched for treasures, competed with dolphins etc. The CG patients attended the physical therapy lessons. Rehabilitation lessons using the virtual reality based Krisaf training simulator for children affected with spastic cerebral palsy led to a significant improvement of motor skills. Various motion tests showed an improvement over baseline, the average indicators increased 1.30–1.48 times. The difference between TG and CG results was statistically significant. In the CG referred to physical therapy the indicators increase was less than 10%, in the TG the increase reached 30–40%. It was concluded that the use of virtual reality based technologies promotes the optimization of neurophysiological processes in the motor analyzer cortical areas and better adaptation to motor loads.
20Введение. Современный этап исследований процессов адаптации к условиям среды характеризуется использованием интегративных психофизиологических (ПФ) подходов, которые позволяют сформировать целостное понимание происходящих в развивающемся организме ребенка изменениях под влиянием внешних воздействий [11,15]. Такие подходы особенно востребованы при изучении детей, взросление которых происходит в условиях изменения образа жизни под влиянием урбанизации, информатизации, нарастания учебных нагрузок, приводящих к распространен-ности среди детей школьного возраста гипокинезии, повышения заболеваемости инфекционными и хроническими патологиями, нарушения функций опорно-двигательного аппарата, эндокринной, нервно-психической и сенсорных систем. По данным НИИ физиологии детей и подростков Минздрава РФ [3], число здоровых детей в детской популяции населения РФ не превышает 10 %.Недостаточная изученность индивидуальных адаптационных возможностей детей, реакции организма ребенка на двигательную нагрузку в условиях интенсивного онтогене-УДК 796:612:371 1 Тольяттинский государственный университет, г. Тольятти, Россия, 2 Московский городской педагогический университет, г. Москва, РоссияЦель исследования. Определить у учащихся 11-16 лет с различными типами вегетативной регуляции (ТВР) сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) особенности их психофизиологической адаптации к учебным и физическим нагрузкам при занятиях физической культурой в условиях образовательного учреждения. Организация и методы исследования. Проведено обследование в школе № 90 г. Тольятти учащихся 5-7 классов (25 мальчиков), 8-10 классов (27 юношей), которые составили основную экспериментальную группу (ОГ). Теми же методами в школе № 5 г. Тольятти были обследованы школьники того же пола, возраста и численности, включенные в экспериментальную группу сравнения (ГС). Использовали метод диагностики вариабельности ритма сердца с помощью автоматизированной регистрации и анализа аппаратно-программным комплексом (АПК) «Варикард 2.51». Для диагностики памяти, внимания учащихся применяли компьютерную модификацию регистрации психофизиологических показателей, основанную на распознавании учеником заданных знаков-стимулов среди безразличных знаков (метод Крепелина, корректурный тест). Метод регистрации времени (с) простой сенсомоторной реакции (ВПСМР) на цветовые и геометрические стимулы использовали для определения скоростей когнитивных процессов и переработки информации. Результаты. Установлена корреляционная связь ТВР ССС и психофизиологических когнитивных показателей, определена их динамика под влиянием типологически ориентированной физической нагрузки, показано ее корректирующее и развивающее влияние на психофизические возможности учащихся. Результаты углубляют понимание интегративных механизмов психофизиологической адаптации мальчиков в критические периоды онтогенеза (препубертат, пубертат), расширяют применение типирования регуляторных систем для оптимизации физического воспитания школьников на этапах основного общего и среднего общего образования. Заключение. Совокупность п...
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