Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of oral health status among the general population in Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public in the Kallakurichi district. A total number of 176 samples were selected and equally divided among urban (88 samples) and rural areas (88 samples). The samples were obtained from various parts of urban and rural areas in the Kallakurichi district based on the multistage random sampling method. The data regarding oral health status was recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) Proformas 2013 and 1997. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of dental caries (74.1%) was found to be the highest in the Kallakurichi district, followed by malocclusion (71.7%) and periodontal diseases (66.7%). A significant result was found in dental caries, dental fluorosis, dental trauma, and dental erosion between the index age groups. Conclusion: The government of Tamil Nadu should take proper preventive measures and also provide oral health knowledge and awareness among the public to overcome these dental problems.

Background: Resin infiltration is a new therapeutic technique for WSLs (white spot lesions) that may bridge nonoperative and operative treatment options. It's a minimally invasive procedure for filling, reinforcing, and stabilizing demineralized enamel without drilling or compromising good tooth structure. It has also been found to slow the progression of caries in lesions that are too advanced to be treated with fluoride. The current investigation of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of ICON® resin infiltration on WSLs. This literature review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Metaanalysis) statement. Seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, Grey Literature, Wiley Online Library) were used. The MeSH terms used were 'Icon resin infiltration, ' white spot lesions, and 'clinical trials. PICOS analysis of Population-Participants with white spot lesions; Intervention-Icon Resin Infiltration; Comparison-Comparing with other different therapies; Outcome-Regression or disappearance of lesions; Study design-Randomized controlled trials. Five cross-sectional studies were included in this systematic review for the quality assessment of the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration on white spot lesions. All five studies reported a statistically significant difference between the Icon resin infiltration, lesion loss ratio, and color change. This systematic review concludes that the Icon resin infiltration on white spot lesion is effective during the initial period, i.e. first three months. Over time there is a color change in its masking. However, it is effective in reducing the lesion loss ratio.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant. Results: The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%. Conclusion: This study’s contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments.