Summary: In 26 male participants in a 100 km run, concentrations of the HDL constituents cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin were determined before and immediately after the run. Before running, the values for HDL cholesterol were higher in the participants than in a control population. However, the HDL sphingomyelin, HDL phosphatidyl choline and HDL apolipoprotein A-I values for the participants did not differ from the values in a control population. After the 100 km run only the HDL cholesterol values were increased whereas the other HDL constituents were not affected by the run. It is concluded, that the single exposure to prolonged heavy exercise produces a change in HDL composition which is characterized by an exclusive increase in the cholesterol content of the HDL. Die Beeinflussung der Zusammensetzung der HDL durch einen 100 km-LaufZusammenfassung: Bei 26 männlichen Teilnehmern eines 100 km-Laufes wurden die Konzentrationen der HDLBestandteile Cholesterin, Apolipoprotein A-I, Phosphatidylcholin und Sphingomyelin vor und unmittelbar nach dem Lauf bestimmt. Die HDL-Chölesterinwerte der Teilnehmer des 100 km-Laufes waren höher als die entsprechenden Werte eines Kontrollkollektivs, während bei den HDL-Sphingomyelin-, HDLJPhosphatidylcholin-und HDL-Apolipoprotein A-I-Werten zwischen den Teilnehmern des 100 km-Laufes und dem Kontrollkollektiv kein Unterschied bestand. Nach dem 100 km-Lauf waren nur die HDL-Cholesterinwerte erhöht, während die Konzentrationen der anderen HDL-Komppnenten durch den Lauf nicht beeinflußt wurden. Die Ergebnisse deuten daraufhin, daß es im Laufe einer hohen körperlichen Belastung zu einer Änderung in der Zusammensetzung der HDL kommt, die durch einen exklusiven Anstieg des Cholesteringehältes der HDL charakterisiert ist. Üntroduction

The effect of 10 weeks endurance training on the concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins, particularly on the composition of high-density lipoproteins, was measured in nine 22--28-year-old male volunteers at weekly intervals during training as well as 5 and 10 weeks following the exercise program. A control group consisted of six male subjects between the ages of 22 and 37 years. The endurance program consisted of running for approximately 30 min three times a week covering about 5--7 km per session. Two participants discontinued the program after 6 weeks while the remaining seven completed the training in the course of 10 weeks. After the end of the exercise program, all subjects showed a 20%--25% decrease in free cholesterol as well as a 40% decrease in triglycerides while esterified cholesterol remained unchanged. Only in subjects with HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios of less than 0.3 at the start of the exercise program was a statistically significant increase in HDL cholesterol values (P less than 0.05) following training observed. In all subjects HDL phosphatidyl choline values were elevated by a mean of 20% at the end. With the exception of two participants, the HDL triglyceride concentration was diminished after the exercise program. The concentrations of HDL apolipoprotein A-I and A-II were unaffected by exercise. In the control group, no statistically significant changes of the measured parameters could be observed. Our results suggest that short-term physical training produces changes in cholesterol ersterification and/or cholesterol-ester transport as well as in HDL composition.

Summary:In 138 men and 79 women sphingomyelin values in the supernatant of sera obtained by precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins ( = high density lipoprotein-sphingomyelin, HDL sphingomyelin) were determined using an enzymatic method. In men, lower HDL sphingomyelin values were obtained (0.22 ± 0.06 mmol/1) than for women (0.24 ± 0.05 mmol/1) (p < 0.05). In both sexes HDL sphingomyelin values were independent of age, with the exception that in men ^SSyears, HDL sphingomyelin concentrations were lower.The correlation coefficients calculated for HDL sphingomyelin and hypertriglyceridaemia and relative body weight were lower than the correlation coefficients calculated for the corresponding HDL cholesterol values and both risk factors.In women with hypertriglyceridaemia (^ 2.28 mmol/1) HDL sphingomyelin values were lower than those for normotriglyceridaemic women within the same age group, while in male hypertriglyceridaemic patients within the same age group there were no differences in HDL sphingomyelin values in comparison to normotriglyceridaemic male subjects. In both sexes the differences measured between hypertriglyceridaemic and normotriglyceridaemic subjects for HDL sphingomyelin were lower than for the corresponding HDL cholesterol values.The results obtained show that HDL sphingomyelin values are not simply a reflection of HDL cholesterol values. HDL-Sphingomyelinwerte von normalen Individuen und von Patienten mit Hyperlipoproteinämie Typ IV Zusammenfassung