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Unilateral upper limb amputation causes changes in statics of the spine. As a result asymmetrical posture of the spine, muscular asymmetries follow. In this study a population of upper limb amputees (above and below elbow amputees) is examined by clinical, electromyographical analysis and gait analysis. Upper limb amputations cause in correlation to weight loss a shift of the trunk to the side of the amputation, a scoliosis with a bowing to the side of the amputation, an elevation of the shoulder on the amputation side and a torsion of the trunk. Muscular asymmetries result from loss of function (muscles of the arm, M. latissimus, M. trapezius) and by shifting of the center of gravity. In order to get the center of gravity over the legs, the amputee compensates the loss of weight by shifting the upper trunk to the side of the amputation. As a result the shift of the segmental center of gravity at the lumber height to the side of the normal arm with muscular asymmetry in the erector trunci lumbalis results. As well we saw an overactivity of musculus glutaeus medius and resulting stress of the amputation sided hip joint. There was a remarkable difference between above and below elbow amputees caused by differences in weight loss. Muscular and static asymmetries in amputees who lost their arm only a short period before could be reduced by compensating the weight loss. Results for technical orthopaedic fitting and stress on gymnastic procedures to compensate these statistical problems are discussed.

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RESUMOO estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar amplitudes de movimentos articulares, em condições activa e passiva, entre crianças de diferentes faixas etárias e sexo. Participaram 103 crianças (43 meninos e 60 meninas) categorizadas em dois grupos: G1 (7 a 9 anos) e G2 (10 a 12 anos). Na avaliação de amplitude articular adotou-se o protocolo do flexiteste, activo e passivo, e o programa SAPO ® . Para comparar a amplitude activa e passiva foi utilizado o teste t emparelhado e para comparar as amplitudes activa e passiva entre os sexos e faixas etárias foi aplicado o teste t independente (p < .05). Os resultados evidenciaram que as amplitudes passivas das articulações dos membros inferiores são maiores do que as activas (p < .001). As meninas apresentaram maior amplitude passiva no movimento de flexão plantar em relação aos meninos (p = .002). As crianças de 7 a 12 anos apresentaram padrões similares quanto à flexibilidade das articulações de membros inferiores. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas amplitudes angulares dos membros inferiores entre os movimentos de flexão activa e passiva nas articulações do quadril, joelho e tornozelo. Não se encontraram diferenças, entre sexos e entre as diferentes faixas etárias, nas amplitudes de movimento avaliadas. Palavras-chave: amplitude articular, crianças, movimento activo e passivo ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare active and passive joint range of motion in children in relation to gender and age. This study involved 103 children (43 boys and 60 girls) categorized into two groups: G1 (7 to 9 years old) and G2 (10 to 12 years old). The flexitest protocol, active and passive, and the SAPO ® were used to evaluate joint range of motion. A paired t test was applied to compare active and passive joint range of motion and an independent t test (p < .05) was used to compare active and passive range of motion between gender and age. Results showed that the passive joint ranges of motion of the lower limbs are higher than active motion (p < .001). Girls presented greater passive ankle flexion than boys did (p = .002). Children between 7 and 12 years of age presented similar standards of joint range of motion of low limb. Significant differences were found between passive and active angular range of motion in the hip, knee and ankle. There were no differences between boys and girls in the joint range of motion as well as among age groups.

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