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532.68The thermocapillary flow of a metal melt in a rectangular pool driven by an electronic beam is numerically simulated neglecting the gravitational forces for the 2-D problem formulation. The flow is created by the surface tension gradient at the free surface dependent on the temperature. It is shown that in a pool with a 1 : 1 depth-towidth ratio secondary cells develop, whereas in the shallow pool they are absent.

FOREWORDThe existence of talented young people is currently an important and certain sign of the continuity of and prospects for scientific education. Increasing attention is being focused on this problem, and the continuous work in this area has obtained governmental support under the Special Federal Program "State Support of Integration of Higher Education and Fundamental Science for 1997-2000" ("Integration" program). This traditional effort is directed toward searching for, educating, and supporting talented youth in science who seek self-affirmation in science and are capable of solving the most complex problems of adapting science and education to the changing conditions of the society.The traditional system previously seemed to be adjusted to the "university--scientific-research institute" complex that trained specialists. Promising young people in science were identified through a selective system of pre-university training and selection. This system consisted of internal and external physics and mathematics schools, courses, competitions, and many others. The young people who subsequently entered the university gained knowledge during their high school days and beginning in the third year, became familiar with the skills required for independent scientific research: The young people passed through a school of "initial" scientific training, participated in student conferences, lectures, competitions, etc. Intensive acquisition of knowledge took place, and talented young scientists were selected. The atmosphere of competition developed purposefulness and concentrated forces in promising scientific directions.Postgraduate training usually consisted of on-the-job training to develop research potential and subsequent postgraduate work. lnitial teaching skills (lecturing to student audiences and directing the research of fledgling scientists) and organizational skills (young lecturer schools, increasing qualification, universities of Marxism-Leninism, etc.) were mastered. Actually, at the end of the postgraduate work, an independent researcher of a sufficiently high level, a person capable of stating a scientific problem and organizing an investigation of it, was usually formed.This chain was later supplemented by doctoral work, which opened up new opportunities for training, primarily of young doctors of sciences, scientifically ambitious and striving for self-realization.It should be especially emphasized that this entire system was well supported materially and technically, so that it functioned like clockwork.The situation changed significantly in the transition to market relations in economics. In the initial stage, both education and science and consequently the entire system of training was not in great demand, so that both the goals and the tasks of society as a whole differed from the goals and tasks of the traditional training system. Natural adaptation of both society and the "university--SRI" complex to the altered goals, tasks, and conditions was required. Positive changes in this direction have ...