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536.6This article examines metrological aspects of the problem of improving the accuracy of measurement of heat energy and reducing the imbalances between suppliers and consumers. Metrological requirements are formulated for different blocks of a measurement system along with standards for their substantiation. The metrological characteristics of the components that meter heat energy are calculated by computer programs on the basis of the actual systematic errors of the corresponding blocks.Instruments that are designed for the commercial metering of heat energy and heat-transfer agents [ 1 ] are measuring-computing systems [1] that record cumulative sums of hourly, daily, and monthly consumptions of such agents and heat energy.Customers are billed at the end of a monthly accounting period for the heat and heat-transfer agents they use. Thus, the output variable of a commercial meter-in contrast to industrial meters -consists of just 12 monthly readings over the course of a year. The results of measurements made by summing over hours or days are used only as a check to make sure that the heating system is functioning properly in accordance with the contractual obligations of the utility.

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536.68The necessary additions to the rules for checking instruments for measuring thermal energy and hot water are considered. The impossibili~ hz principle of interchanging them, based on the results of checking, is emphasized. The requirements imposed on thermal power meters and their units when delivered for checking and on the accompanying documentation are formulated. The rules for checking and selecting matched pairs of thermal converters of resistance and the rules for adjusthzg and selecting matched pairs of electromagnetic flow meters are presented.Some problems in the metrological servicing of commercial thermal energy meters were considered in [ 1, 2]. These can be solved by using new procedural recommendations.This involves, first of all, additions to the rules for the annual checking of meters for measuring thermal energy and hot water. Such instruments can be divided into two groups depending on the methods of measurement employed:using automatic-recording flow meters ,and thermometers; -using heat meters. All the assumptions made below relate to meters based on automatic recording instruments and thermal counters. The optimum method of checking a thermal counter as an indivisible measuring instrument would be to compare it with

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