The mechanisms orchestrating the balance between nitric oxide and endothelium-derived contracting factors, and genetic predisposition to endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive patients remain to be determined. One-hundred hypertensive patients participated in the case-control study to clarify the risk of endothelial dysfunction and carotid "intima media" thickness (IMT) changes depending on NOS3 (rs2070744) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes' polymorphisms. It is found that presence of NOS3 gene's С-allele significantly elevates the risk of atherosclerotic plaques on carotid arteries (OR95%CI: 1.24-11.20; р = 0.019) and the probability of low NOS3 gene expression (OR95%CI: 17.72-520.0; р < 0.001). Homozygous carriage of С-allele of GNB3 gene is protective and corresponds to the lowest chances of the carotid IMT increase, atherosclerotic plaques formation and sVCAM-1 elevation (OR = 0.10-0.34; OR95%CI: 0.03-0.95; р ≤ 0.035-0.001). Vice versa, Т-allele of GNB3 gene significantly augments the risk of the carotid IMT increase (OR95%CI: 1.09-7.74; р = 0.027) including development of atherosclerotic plaques, associating GNB3 (rs5443) with cardiovascular pathology.

Математичне моделювання варіантів остеосинтезу переломів дистального метаепіфіза великогомілкової кістки типу С1 Резюме. Актуальність. Переломи пілона досить часто є компонентом політравми. Частота цих переломів у загальній структурі пошкоджень скелета становить 1-7 %. Переломи даної локалізації є лідерами за кількістю ускладнень (до 30 %) і незадовільних наслідків. Причинами такого становища виявляються у першу чергу порушення кровопостачання в зоні перелому та технічні проблеми при виконанні оперативного втручання. Мета: на математичній моделі вивчити механічні особливості різних варіантів остеосинтезу великогомілкової кістки з переломом дистального метаепіфіза типу С1 за класифікацією Асоціації осетосинтезу (АО). Матеріали та методи. Була розроблена математична модель дистальної частини нижньої кінцівки, що містила кісткові елементи гомілки та стопи, на якій моделювали переломи дистального метаепіфіза великогомілкової кістки типу С1 за класифікацією АО. Як контроль використовували моделі з фіксацією уламків накістковою пластиною. Також був промодельований комбінований варіант фіксації кісткових уламків при переломах дистального метаепіфіза великогомілкової кістки типу С1 за допомогою спиць та апарата зовнішньої фіксації (АЗФ) на основі стрижнів. Результати. Проведене дослідження дозволяє зробити висновок, що за наявності перелому дистального метаепіфіза типу С1 за критерієм забезпечення мінімальних напружень в ділянці перелому при всіх типах навантаження метод комбінованого остеосинтезу спицями та АЗФ на основі стрижнів має перевагу над іншими методами фіксації уламків. Дослідження розподілу відносних деформацій у кістковому регенераті моделей з переломом типу С1 під навантаженням спереду назад також підтвердило перевагу комбінованого остеосинтезу над іншими за критерієм максимальних величин відносної деформації. Висновки. Дослідження напружено-деформованого стану моделей з переломом дистального метаепіфіза великогомілкової кістки типу С1 показало, що використання комбінованого остеосинтезу спицями та АЗФ на основі стрижнів забезпечує мінімальні напруження в кісткових елементах у ділянці перелому при всіх типах навантаження, а також дозволяє найбільш ефективно обмежити деформації кісткового регенерату серед всіх інших методів фіксації уламків. ВступОстанніми роками з'являється все більше наукових робіт, присвячених різним аспектам лікування переломів дистального метаепіфіза великогомілкової кістки -так званого пілона [1]. Характерно, що переломи пілона досить часто є компонентом політравми. Частота цих переломів в загальній структурі пошкоджень скелета становить 1-7 % [2,3].Сучасна травматологія містить великий арсенал технологій остеосинтезу для виконання стабільної фікса-ції переломів дистального відділу кісток гомілки, проте переломи даної локалізації є лідерами за кількістю ускладнень (до 30 %) і незадовільних наслідків. Причинами такого становища виявляються у першу чергу порушення кровопостачання в зоні перелому та технічні проблеми при виконанні оперативного втручання.Мета: на математичній моделі вивчит...

Background. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a widespread pathological condition, a group of interconnected metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of a number of severe noncommunicable diseases. Natural mineral waters of various compositions are widely used in the correction of MS. Their biological activity and specificity of action is associated with the presence of specific components (micronutrients, biologically active substances). At the same time, many researchers do not pay enough attention to the role of the biological activity of macro nutrients in low mineralized mineral waters. Objective. To assess the corrective effect of macro-components of mineral waters based on a comparative analysis of changes in the structure of internal organs of white rats with the MS model, receiving mineral waters of the same balneological type, but with different quantitative composition of macro components. Materials and methods. The material for histological and histochemical tests were the internal organs of male white rats with body weight 280–320 g. Animals were ranked into 4 groups: I - rats served as a control, ӀӀ - rats with a model of MS; ӀӀӀ and ӀV - rats received the mineral waters against the background of MS modeling. The mineral waters used in the work were characterized by an increased (in close amounts) content of organic substances (C org.), similar in chemical but different in quantitative macro-component composition. At the same time, mineral waters practically did not differ in terms of total mineralization. Modeling of MS was carried out for 60 days by replacing 10% fructose solution in drinking water bowls, introducing white bread crackers into the diet, and excluding green mass from the diet. In groups where animals were corrected for MS, mineral waters were administered with an intragastric tube with olive at a dose of 1% of body weight daily, starting from the 60th day of the experiment, for 12 days. Upon completion of the experiment on day 72, histological sections (which were stained with hematoxylin-eosin) were prepared from the extracted pieces of the heart, stomach, liver and kidneys tissues. The succinate-dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined on the prepared cryostat sections. Using a light microscope, changes in the structure of the above organs and changes in the activity of oxidative-restorative enzymes were evaluated. Results. The activity of oxidative-restorative enzymes was approaching normal; some manifestations of changes in water metabolism in the animal organism persisted. At the end of the use of both mineral waters, a significant decrease was found in the content of visceral fat around the intestines, renal capsule, under the pericardium, which correlated with a decrease in the animal’s body weight and restoration of the fasting blood glucose level to the cereal level. The authors believe that the established features of the corrective effect of both mineral waters on changes in the structure of internal organs are explained not so much by the difference in the content and ratio of the bioactive component (C org.), but by differences in the content of macronutrients. In mineral waters obtained by rats of group III, the content of Cl– and SO4+2 ions is 2.30 and 3.67 times, and Ca2+ and Мg2+ ions are 2.75 and 4.57 more than in mineral waters, which received rats of group IV. However, the content of HCO3–, Na+, K+ is 1.14 and 1.30 times higher in the mineral waters obtained by rats of group IV. Conclusions. The authors believe that the macronutrients involved in the implementation of MWs biological activity affect the metabolic background of the organism, which creates the bioactive element - C org. conditions for the performance of more intensive corrective action.

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a widespread pathological condition, a group of interconnected metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of a number of severe noncommunicable pathologies. Natural mineral waters of various compositions are widely used in the correction of MS. Their biological activity and specificity of action is associated with the presence and number of specific components (micronutrients, biologically active substances). At the same time, the role of macrocomponents of the chemical composition of mineral waters with low mineralization in the implementation of their biological activity, most researchers do not pay enough attention.The purpose of the work: based on a comparative analysis of changes in the structure of internal organs of white rats with the model of MS, receiving mineral waters of the same balneological type (but quantitatively different macro composition), to assess the corrective effect of the macro component mineral waters for these changes.Materials and methods. The material of the study was the data of histological and histochemical studies of the internal organs of white rats of males weighing 280–320 g. Animals were ranked into 4 groups: I - group - intact rats that served as a control, ӀӀ group of rats with a model of MS; ӀӀӀ and ӀV groups, rats received the corresponding mineral waters against the background of MS modeling. The mineral waters used in the work were characterized by an increased (in close amounts) content of organic substances (C org.), similar in chemical but different in quantitative macro-component composition. At the same time, mineral waters practically did not differ in terms of total mineralization. Modeling of MS was carried out for 60 days by replacing 10% fructose solution in drinking water bowls, introducing white bread crackers into the diet, and excluding green mass from the diet. In groups where animals were corrected for MS, mineral waters were injected with an intragastric tube with olive at a dose of 1% of body weight daily, starting from the 60th day of the experiment, for 12 days. Upon completion of the experiment on day 72, histological sections (which were stained with hematoxylin-eosin) were made from the extracted pieces of the heart, stomach, liver and kidneys. The succinatedehydrogenase (SDH) and lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined on the prepared cryostat sections.Using a light microscope, changes in the structure of the above organs and changes in the activity of oxidative-restorative enzymes were evaluated. When modeling MS in rats, an increase in the amount of visceral fat and a significant increase in fasting glucose levels were noted. In the studied internal organs there were signs of dystrophic changes, high activity of oxidative-restorative enzymes, signs of impaired water metabolism. In animals of the ӀӀӀ group, the use of mineral water was accompanied by normalization of the myocardial structure. In other organs studied, there were preserved foci of residual manifestations of dystrophy against the background of a general restoration of the structure.In animals of the ӀV group, upon completion of the mineral water intake, normalization of the structure of the stomach and myocardium and the preservation of diffuse manifestations of degeneration in the liver and kidneys were established. The activity of oxidative-restorative enzymes was approaching normal; some manifestations of changes in water metabolism in the animal organism persisted. At the end of the use of both mineral waters, a significant decrease was found in the content of visceral fat around the intestines, renal capsule, under the pericardium, which correlated with a decrease in the animal’s body weight and restoration of the fasting blood glucose level to the cereal level. The authors believe that the established features of the corrective effect of both mineral waters on changes in the structure of internal organs are explained not so much by the difference in the content and ratio of the bioactive component (C org.), But by differences in the content of macronutrients.In mineral waters obtained by rats of group III, the content of Cl– and SO4+2 ions is 2.30 and 3.67 times, and Ca2+ and Мg2+ ions are 2.75 and 4.57 more than in mineral waters, which received rats of group IV. However, the content of HCO3–, Na+, K+ is 1.14 and 1.30 times higher in the mineral waters obtained by rats of group IV. Conclusions. It can be assumed that the minerals involved in the implementation of the biological activity of mineral water, changing the metabolic background, on which the bioactive element of mineral water in the form of C org., Has a more intense corrective effect.

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