Our work revealed significant value in training using a dedicated laparoscopic video game for acquisition of virtual laparoscopic skills. This novel serious game may provide foundations for future surgical developments on game consoles in the home environment.

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INTRODUCTIONThe human larynx protects the lower respiratory tract, provides a controlled airway, allows phonation and the generation of a high intrathoracic pressure for coughing and lifting. The larynx is divided into the supraglottic, glottis and subglottis based on anatomical location. Tumors of the larynx can be divided into benign or malignant. Laryngeal granulomas, vocal cord nodules, and vocal cord polyps are tumor-like (non-neoplastic) lesions of the larynx. Benign laryngeal tumors include a large number of lesions such as papillomas, hemangiomas, fibromas, chondromas, myxomas, and neurofibromas. The common factors responsible for the development of benign lesions are vocal abuse, misuse, overuse, speaking in unnatural tones, exposure to various irritants like smoke, dust, fumes, alcohol etc. Allergy and infective conditions of larynx (as human papilloma virus in respiratory papillomatosis) are also responsible alone or in combination with other factors for the development of such lesions. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] About 95% of laryngeal carcinomas are typical squamous cell tumors; approximately 40% of patients will have ABSTRACT Background: Larynx is an important structure in human being forming a part of upper airway and responsible for voice production. Varieties of tumours and tumour like lesions of larynx significantly affect its functions. The aim of the study was to study the clinicopathological aspects of various lesions of larynx. Methods: An observational study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2017 in a tertiary care centre retrospectively. Data collected from departmental registers. History, clinical presentation, relevant investigations and histopathology of biopsy from laryngeal lesions were analysed. Results: The incidence of laryngeal lesions was found to be high between 30-40 years (30.8%) followed by 51-60 years age group (20.9%) with higher preponderance among males (80.25%) compared to females (19.75%). Hoarseness of voice was the commonest presenting symptom in our patients accounting for 80%. It was observed that 27.1% patients were smokers, 10% were addicted to alcohol, and 6% patients had history of both smoking and alcohol consumption. Vocal polyp was the commonest tumour like lesion found in our study (31.4%) followed by vocal nodule (14.1%). Laryngeal papilloma was the only type of benign tumour found in our study (8%) and squamous cell carcinoma of larynx accounts for majority of malignant tumours most of which were moderately differentiated (40%). Conclusions: Majority of the laryngeal lesions are seen among rural population with poor socioeconomic status. Hence, creating awareness about risk factors, symptomatology and better cure with early detection can be life saving.

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