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Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of and trends regarding the incidence of pleural TB. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of TB cases reported between 1998 and 2005 and compiled from the Epidemiological Surveillance Tuberculosis System (Epi-TB database). Results: A total of 144,347 new cases of TB were reported during the period studied. Pulmonary TB was the predominant form (118,575 cases; 82.2%). Among the extrapulmonary forms (25,773 cases; 17.8%), pleural TB was the form most often reported (12,545 cases; 48.7%). For all forms, the incidence (per 100,000 population) decreased (from 49.7 in 1998 to 44.6 in 2005; R 2 = 0.898; p < 0.001), whereas the incidence of pleural TB remained stable (4.1 in 1998 and 3.8 in 2005; R 2 = 0.433; p = 0.076). The highest incidence of pleural TB was found among males (2:1) aged from 30 to 59 years. Of the 12,545 patients with pleural TB, 4,018 (32.0%) presented comorbidities: alcoholism (9.5%); HIV (8.0%); diabetes (3.3%); and mental illness (1.2%). The diagnosis was based on bacteriological (14.2%) and histological (30.2%) methods, as well as on unspecified methods (55.6%). Conclusions: Pleural TB was the predominant extrapulmonary form of TB in the state of São Paulo, with a stable incidence between 1998 and 2005, although there was a trend toward a decrease in the incidence of the pulmonary forms. The diagnosis of pleural TB was confirmed through histology and bacteriology in 44.4% of the cases. A incidência (por 100.000 habitantes) de todas as formas diminuiu, (49,7 em 1998 e 44,6 em 2005; R 2 = 0,898; p < 0,001), enquanto a incidência de TB pleural permaneceu estável (4,1 em 1998 e 3,8 em 2005; R 2 = 0,433; p = 0,076). A maior incidência de TB pleural ocorreu em pacientes do sexo masculino (2:1) entre 30 e 59 anos de idade. Dos 12.545 pacientes com TB pleural, 4.018 (32,0%) apresentaram comorbidades: alcoolismo (9,5%); HIV (8,0%); diabetes (3,3%); e doença mental (1,2%). O diagnóstico referido fundamentou-se em métodos bacteriológicos (14,2%) e histológicos (30,2%), assim como outros não especificados (55,6%). Conclusões: No estado de São Paulo, a TB pleural foi a forma extrapulmonar predominante, apresentando incidência estável no período entre 1998 e 2005, apesar da tendência de diminuição das formas pulmonares. A histologia e a bacteriologia definiram o diagnóstico em 44,4% dos casos. Keywords Original ArticleEpidemiological aspects of pleural tuberculosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (1998-2005 MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational, descriptive study carried out in the Pulmonology

The intake was adjusted for within-person variability by the method proposed by Iowa State University, using the software PC-SIDE, and energy-adjusted for the residual method. The validity for 23 nutrients was assessed by Spearman correlation coefficient and weighted k. Intra-class correlation coefficient and weighted k was used to reproducibility assessment. Results In the validation, the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.25 (riboflavin) to 0.57 (phosphorus) of which eight nutrients showed acceptable correlation (>0.4). In the reproducibility analysis, the intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.18 (vitamin C) to 0.57 (niacin), of which five nutrients showed acceptable correlation. The weighted k ranged from 0.18 (sodium) to 0.67 (riboflavin) to reproducibility and from 0.19 (polyunsatured fat) to 0.56 (calcium) to validation. Conclusion The results support the use of this instrument to assess food intake in epidemiological studies conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Background Several low-and middle-income countries, lack wellfunctioning population-based cancer registry. We evaluated the completeness of a pathology based cancer registry in Iran. We further studies evolutionary progress of the cancer registries worldwide. Methods We evaluated consistency of the incidence rates reported by national pathology-based cancer registry in Iran from 2004 to 2007. We further compared the incidence rates of the pathology-and population-based registries in a few regions, where both data were available. In addition, we studied the increasing trend in the number of population-based cancer registries worldwide, using the reports published in the Volumes IeIX of the monograph "Cancer in Five Continents." Results The Iranian pathology-based cancer registry, reports only about 60e70% of cancers. The underestimates were greater in cancers with poor-prognosis including lung, stomach, and oesophageal cancers. Almost four regional cancer registries were established every 10 years since 1960. However, the USA was an exception, where the number of cancer registries increased from 14 in 1998 to 44 regional registries in 2002, due to the advance infrastructure in the health informatics and ambitious initiatives by the Centers for Disease Control in the USA. Conclusions Pathology based cancer registry cannot provide reliable estimate for the cancer incidence rates, particularly in cancers with a poor prognosis. Developing countries should establish and support regional registries and expand their coverage gradually. Given the recent advances in the health informatics, small efforts will enhance the coverage of cancer registries worldwide, particularly in the less than middle income countries. SP3-79