This paper describes the results of a study of the process of professional self-determination of adolescents with hearing impairment. The authors dealing with this problem in the current century (Yu.S. Pyashkur, V.V. Tuarmensky and others) identified a number of features of the personal development of pupils of special educational institutions of adolescence and youth. Thus, communicative competence plays a significant role in the professional self-determination of adolescents with hearing impairments. The hypothesis about the special role of communicative competence in the process of professional self-determination of deaf adolescents was tested in the course of a study of students in a boarding school for children with hearing impairment aged 14–18 (N=23). The features of the professional inclinations of these students were revealed, a comparative analysis was carried out between the groups of adolescents and high school students. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made about the communicative orientation of activity as one of the most important targets for the professional self-determination of hearing-impaired adolescents. On the basis of the data obtained, a conclusion was made about the communicative competence of activity as one of the most important targets for professional self-determination of hearing-impaired adolescents.