No abstract

The global problems of mankind, especially in recent decades, have an increasing impact on the agrarian sphere of activity of any country, including Russia. In modern conditions, the strategic goals outlined for increasing the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the agricultural sector of the country should be solved comprehensively within the framework of adaptive landscape farming, taking into account specific soil-climatic, organizational, economic, environmental and other factors. The concept of “maximum possible grain yield” will always change upward with increasing intensification of agriculture, maintaining soil fertility, creating and introducing highly productive varieties, using a mineral nutrition system, as well as means of protection against pests and diseases, etc. The article establishes the conditions under which it is necessary to focus on obtaining the planned yield, the dependence of the possible yield on the utilization factor of photosynthetic activity and radiation for the growing season is provided. Based on the determination of the yield, a set of measures and techniques is developed to obtain a planned crop and an organization chart is proposed on the problem of planning grains. According to the results of the research, the dependence of the crop cost on the level of optimal planning is provided.

The article uses a systematic approach when considering the implementation of field work by planting and harvesting complexes. It was established that for the full use of the capabilities of these complexes at minimal cost, mechanized work must be carried out at the maximum values of the shift time utilization factors. The tabular form shows the values of the shift time utilization factors for the conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. The choice of work strategy determines the maturation rate, weather conditions, and the availability of technical equipment. Numerical compositions of planting and harvesting complexes per 1 ha are proposed, which are presented in tabular form when aggregated with tractors of class 1.4; 2; 3. Effectiveness evaluation of the complex functioning should be based on the activities of all subsystems to implement the work plan. Such an evaluation of the daily work of the complex can serve as a coefficient of work intensity equal to the ratio of the amounts of actually completed work to the planned ones. The conclusions establish ways to improve mechanized processes for planting and harvesting grain crops, and as an optimal option, the option of maximizing the use of shift time due to the introduction of new organizational and technical forms was chosen. As a result, a mathematical model for the functioning of planting and harvesting complexes in the production of grain crops for the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia, which can also be used for other regions, was developed.

No abstract

RSPUDT filters based on different width split fingers for IF applications have been developed. Such filters provide improvement of insertion loss comparing to DART-RSPUDT filters. A new optimization procedure for RSPUDT filter design has been proposed, based on the adjustment of RSPUDT through a synthesis grid of narrow structure elements. The width of these elements is equal to or smaller than a minimal finger width of a basic SPUDT structure. This approach provides additional improvement of filter characteristics. DWSF-RSPUDT filters on quartz and 112 o -LiTaO3 are reported. Relative bandwidths of these filters are 1-3% and out-of-band rejection about 40 dB. Insertion loss is 1-3 dB better than that for equivalent filters based on other RSPUDT structures.