Characterized in brief are the results of natural plague foci passportization carried out in the late XX century. Evaluation of the principle of formalized spatial differentiation between enzootic territories is made. The principle can guarantee high degree of data ordering, obtained in the process of epizootiological surveillance. Therefore, prospects of a new stage of plague foci passportization based on GIS-technologies are viewed, the strategy is determined, and methodological approaches for its realization are put forward. Large-scale implementation of digital topographic maps and global positioning system into the work of plague control organizations is accentuated.

цель. использование геоинформационных систем для создания электронной базы данных сибиреязвенных захоронений и электронных кадастров на территории ставропольского края. материалы и методы. в качестве гис-платформы использовали программы ESRI-ArcGIS10. результаты и обсуждение. проведен ретроспективный анализ эпизоотолого-эпидемиологической обстановки по сибирской язве в ставропольском крае. установлено, что 352 стационарно неблагополучных по сибирской язве пункта (снп) размещены на территории всех 26 районов, в 16 из них расположены 52 бесхозных сибиреязвенных захоронения. наибольшую эпидемиологическую опасность представляют 22 скотомогильника, в которых захоронены трупы животных (42,3 %). меньшую потенциальную опасность представляют 30 скотомогильников с зольными захоронениями (57,7 %). обустройство сибиреязвенных захоронений в ставропольском крае имеет ряд недостатков-только 23 скотомогильника (44,2 %) имеют удовлетворительное ветеринарно-санитарное состояние. исходя из полученных сведений, создана электронная геоинформационная база данных сибиреязвенных скотомогильников для каждого района ставропольского края. структура базы представлена в виде таблицы, в которую внесены все основные сведения о захоронении, в том числе географические координаты. после этого информация введена в программу ArcGIS10, используя метод привязки по географическим координатам. каждая точка, нанесенная на карту, несет в себе всю информацию о скотомогильнике, представленную в таблице. таким образом, создан основной слой геоинформационной системы. на него могут накладываться другие слои, несущие информацию о размещении снп, характере почвы, объектах, находящихся на данной территории. помимо этого, созданы электронные атласы-кадастры расположения сибиреязвенных скотомогильников в каждом районе ставропольского края. электронные атласы-кадастры более простые в использовании, не требуют специализированного персонала и соответствующей компьютерной гис-системы, но в то же время могут дать необходимую информацию о конкретном захоронении на территории ставропольского края. Ключевые слова: сибирская язва, эпизоотолого-эпидемиологическая обстановка, стационарно неблагополучный пункт, сибиреязвенные захоронения, сибиреязвенные скотомогильники, атлас-кадастр, геоинформационная база данных.

Objective of the study was epizootic-epidemiological zoning of the area of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea by manifestations of tularemia to determine the level of epidemic hazard of each zone.Materials and methods. Utilized were archival data of the Black Sea Plague Control station over the period of 1946–2017 and plague Control Center of the Rospotrebnadzor. With the help of GIS software packages, MapINFO 10.5 and ArcGIS 10.2, the data bases containing the point-like layers of the sites of infection with tularemia (49), isolation of tularemia agent (195), and the layer of landscape-geographical regions in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea were created.Results and discussion. Usage of the geo-information technologies allowed for detailed consideration of tularemia manifestations in different parts of the region. The prospects of applying Arc GIS and MapINFO for geoencoding, processing and creation of geo-information pool of tularemia manifestations over a long period was shown. Vector data of landscapes and sites of epidemics and epizootic manifestations of tularemia on different species of mammals and ticks were generated. The conversion of the database to Microsoft Excel made it possible to make full use of statistical capabilities for epidemiological analysis. The work on epidemiological zoning carried out in the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea starkly illustrated the feasibility of using GIS technologies for those purposes. The results of the analysis allowed for optimization of the mode of epizootiological survey in different parts of the studied region. Advisability of epizootiological inspection and monitoring of the territories with identification of geographical coordinates for epizootic manifestation sites was proved.

Aim. Determination of the degree of phylogenetic relationship of Yersinia pestis strains isolated from the territories of natural foci of plague from the Caucasus using VNTR-typing by 25 loci (MLVA25). Materials and methods. 26 strains of Y. pestis from Russian natural foci of the Caucasus were used in the study. 25 loci of tandem repeats in Y. pestis genome by Le Fleche scheme were used for execution of multi-locus VNTR-analysis. Deciphering of nucleotide sequences was carried out in automatic sequencer ABI 3130 Genetic Analyser. Analysis of confinement of clusters to certain territories, objects and time of isolation of strains was carried out using Arc GIS 10.1 program. Results. Groups of MLVA25-types of various levels of discrimination were formed: clusters, groups and subgroups. Clusters were formed by strains of various taxonomic membership: main and subspecies of Y. pestis. Subgroups reflect membership of strains in certain foci, and MLVA25-types - the degree of genetic relationship. Conclusion. Genetic «portraits» of plague causative agents obtained using MLVA25-types circulating in various natural-focal territories allow to solve problems ofboth theoretical and practical character: from interpretation of microevolution processes to the search of the source of infection and ways of its spread during possible epidemic complications.

The purpose of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the epizootiologic and epidemiologic situation of anthrax in the Republic of Crimea and to improve surveillance of this infection using geographic information systems (GIS technologies). Material and methods: In the process of considering specific features of manifestations of infection in different areas of the Crimean Peninsula and outbreaks of anthrax in animals and humans in 1922–2019, we analyzed and summarized data of reporting forms of the Interregional Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. ESRI’s ArcGIS 10 software was used as a GIS-platform. When zoning the administrative units of Crimea by the level of endemicity, we estimated epizootic indices for anthrax. Results: We observed a relatively safe epizootiologic and epidemiologic situation of anthrax in the Republic of Crimea. In 1922–2019, 211 potentially hazardous stationary sites located in nine districts and one city council and 13 anthrax burial sites in four districts were registered in Crimea. Most sites (182 or 86.3 %) appeared in 1932–1961, the peak anthrax activity occurred in 1942–1951, and the latest outbreaks of infection among animals and humans were registered in 1995. Taking into account the ability of anthrax spores to persist in soil for years, the administrative units of the Crimean Peninsula were zoned using GIS-technologies based on the established epizootic indices. As a result, the territory of the Republic of Crimea was divided into areas with different levels of risk of exposure to anthrax. We also studied the relationship between the endemic areas and local climatic and geographical conditions and found that the majority of stationary sites (167) were within the dry-steppe, typical steppe, and northern steppe zones of the Peninsula with dominating soddy calcareous, meadow chernozem, and chernozem types of soil.