'Yahan Hathi Rahte The’ is the fifth story-collection of Gitanjali Shree. Eleven stories are collected in this, looking closely at the race of time and the changing times. Raising new hopes and opening new avenues. Time also entered us like a mite. Always making the human wandering between happiness-sorrow, joy-depression, hope-desperation a little more pathetic, a little more ridiculous. These stories expose opposing sentiments and ideas layer by layer. Their specialty is the artistic achievement, the grace of language and craft according to the subject matter. The medium, the form and the subject matter are uniform here. For example, the despondency at the time of death in 'Iti', the depression of the end of love in 'Thakaan', the mood of frenzy in 'Chakarghinni', or the celebration of pure joy in 'March Mother and Sakura' is the language used respectively. It becomes the language of malaise, depression, hysteria and celebration. But ultimately these are stories of sadness. Sorrow comes in many, many times and in many forms. The sorrow of communal violence in ‘Yahan Hathi Rahte The’ and 'Aajkal', the devastation of nature and the sorrow of separation from it in ‘Itana Aasman’, the sorrow of impending untimely death in 'Bulldozer' and 'Titliyaan', 'Thakaan' and Sadness of love seeping in ' Lautati Aahat'. Another sorrow, with great intensity, comes in 'Chakarghinni'. Sadness of the helplessness of the modern woman even in our time of women's freedom and women's empowerment. These stories reach the changing multifaceted reality of our lives through very crooked paths. Introducing you to a completely different, distinctive and innovative story-writing. Abstract in Hindi Language: ’यहाँ हाथी रहते थे’ गीतांजलि श्री का पाँचवाँ कहानी-संग्रह है। समय की भागदौड़ एवं बदलते वक़्त को बारीकी से देखती इसमें ग्यारह कहानियाँ संग्रहित हैं। नई उम्मीदें जगाता और नए रास्ते खोलता वक़्त। हमारे अन्दर घुन की तरह घुस गया वक़्त भी। सदा सुख-दुःख, आनन्द-अवसाद, आशा-हताशा के बीच भटकते मानव को थोड़ा ज़्यादा दयनीय, थोड़ा ज़्यादा हास्यास्पद बनाता वक़्त। विरोधी मनोभावों और विचारों को परत-दर-परत ये कहानियाँ उघाड़ती हैं। इनकी विशेषता कलात्मक उपलब्धि हैकृभाषा और शिल्प का विषयवस्तु के मुताबिक़ ढलते जाना। माध्यम, रूप और कथावस्तु एकरस-एकरूप हैं यहाँ। मसलन, ‘इति’ में मौत के वक़्त की बदहवासी, ‘थकान’ में प्रेम के अवसान का अवसाद, ‘चकरघिन्नी’ में उन्माद की मनःस्थिति, या ‘मार्च माँ और साकुरा’ में निश्छल आनन्द के उत्सव के लिए इस्तेमाल की गई भाषा ही क्रमशः बदहवासी, अवसाद, उन्माद और उत्सव की भाषा हो जाती है। पर अन्ततः ये दुःख की कहानियाँ हैं। दुःख बहुत, बार-बार और अनेक रूपों में आता है इनमें। ‘यहाँ हाथी रहते थे’ और ‘आजकल’ में साम्प्रदायिक हिंसा का दुःख, ‘इतना आसमान’ में प्रकृति की तबाही और उससे बिछोह का दुःख, ‘बुलडोज़र’ और ‘तितलियाँ’ में आसन्न असमय मौत का दुःख, ‘थकान’ और ‘लौटती आहट’ में प्रेम के रिस जाने का दुःख। एक और दुःख, बड़ी शिद्दत से, आता है ‘चकरघिन्नी’ में। नारी स्वातंत्र्य और नारी सशक्तीकरण के हमारे जैसे वक़्त में भी आधुनिक नारी की निस्सहायता का दुःख। हमारी ज़िन्दगी की बदलती बहुरूपी असलियत तक बड़े आड़े-तिरछे रास्तों से पहुँचती हैं ये कहानियाँ। एक बिलकुल ही अलग, विशिष्ट और नवाचारी कथा-लेखन से रू-ब-रू कराते हुए । Keywords: संवेदना, शिल्प, अवसाद, आशा-हताशा, समाजशास्त्रीय परख, मॉडर्निटी, आत्मकथात्मक शैली।
Sign language as used by deaf communities, is a real and fully-fledged human language, not based on any spoken language, and not universal in the sense of there being only one sign language worldwide. A deaf community is a linguistic minority, but a linguistic minority with special linguistic needs because of the very nature of sign language. In Zambia, like in the vast majority of other Third World countries, the linguistic needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing people have been ignored. This article examines the genesis and implementation of a dictionary project for sign Ianguage, the Zambian Sign language Dictionary Project, regarded as a first step towards the development of a Zambian National Sign language. The article highlights the specificity of sign language lexicography.
is the study of the internal structure of a word and the processes involved in its formation. Morphology is divided into two branches, namely: a) inflectional morphology, which deals with various grammatical forms of the word and, b) lexical morphology which deals with formation of new lexemes from different bases within the language. This study discussed lexical morphology of Lala by analysing the morphophonological and morphosyntactic processes involved in word formation in Lala language. Greenberg (1955) classified the African languages using genealogical method based on morphosemantic similarities. These Languages were classified in four language families as; Afro Asiatic, Congo Kordofanian, Nile-Sahara and Hoisin. Congo-Kordofanian was subdivided into branches. Bantu languages were placed in Niger-Congo branch of Congo-Kordofanian
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