No abstract

The introduction of advanced technologies for the cultivation of crops is usually associated with min-imizing the techniques of basic tillage and replacing them with surface operations, including disking. The use of low-power wide-grip tools, working at a depth of 10...14 cm with high speeds of up to 15...20 km/h, allows you to provide an economic effect, reduce the time for spring work, and reduce the number of service personnel. Sometimes the same effect can be achieved through the use of combined machines that perform several successive operations for tillage, fertilization and sometimes sowing in one pass. In recent years, disc rippers with individual spring-loaded mounting of discs to the frame (diskators) and milling cultivators that fit organically into the combined machines are used for such purposes. However, now long-term observations of the use of these expensive and complex tools, along with high tool traffic, increased working speed and reliability of the process, fuel economy, etc., revealed a number of significant shortcomings in relation to cultivated crops - gradual soil compaction, especially chernozem, decrease in productive moisture, increased contamination of fields, uneven depth of processing, increase in erosion-hazardous particles and, as a result of all this, a tendency to decrease in yield. In addition to high quality crumbling of the soil, drive machines have, especially domestic mills, low productivity, low reliability, high fuel consumption and an increase after passing through erosion-hazardous fractions. This is facilitated by the lack of multi-speed gearboxes on our cutters, which usually make it possible to regulate the quality of crumbling by controlling the kinematic parameter - the ratio of peripheral and translational speeds. The purpose of the study is to identify cases of irrational use of so-called. «Aggressive» tillage tools and identify ways of minimizing possible deficiencies noted. The research methods consist in analyzing the deficiencies arising from the operation of the selected type of tools, identifying the causes of their occurrence and indicating concrete steps to eliminate them. The results of the research are presented on real models currently being produced in Belagromash-Service LLC, for which the load characteristics of the most popular samples are given. In order to avoid the irrational use of the considered modern tools, a number of measures are given to increase the efficiency of their use, the yield of cultivated plants and the efficiency of tools by reducing the negative impact of working bodies on the cultivated soil (for diskators) and the drive for milling machines.

The problems of supplying the population with quality products in sufficient quantities still remain in the focus of attention of all mankind. The soil and climatic features of our country pose the most difficult tasks for the mechanization of the cultivation, harvesting and preservation of the products obtained in a highly competitive environment. At the same time, the role of agricultural machinery is increasing not only as mechanical assistants, but also as tools that directly affect the means of production - the soil, plants, microorganisms, crops, and the environment. Therefore, the issues of technical level and quality of work of mechanization can be compared in complexity only with the choice of cultivation technology. Hence, the ever-increasing pace of implementation of automation, robotization, hydraulic and electrification of structures. Digital controls are increasingly used for machine controls. However, the changes taking place in our country significantly slow down the pace of implementation of these trends. Imports of foreign technology, in most cases carried out without the appropriate regional tests, with orientation only on advertising indicators. As a result, there is a growing understanding that the import of foreign equipment does not replace domestic agricultural engineering in all cases. A paradoxical situation arises - the more we import imported equipment, the more the demand for domestic standardized and unified developments grows. The nomenclature of agricultural machinery is due to the natural features, multi-zone and multi-pattern agriculture, a large number of different crops, differences in the technologies of their cultivation, variability of working conditions, etc. It is formed by periodic «machine systems» based on the complexes and sets of machines within the relevant technologies. In addition, a number of long-term state programs for the stabilization and accelerated development of the industry are being developed and implemented on the basis of promising resource-saving technologies and criteria for the innovative development of the national economy. The domestic agricultural machinery industry must have a scientific and technical system for creating and maintaining new equipment - the GSKB network, mainly at the leading manufacturers and special design bureaus by types of main machines and their mass aggregates. The STC network of SHT «VISHOM» - GSKB - SKB - KB needs to be revived at an accelerated pace with the preparation of relevant personnel for it, taking into account the experience of active research and production activities of the special complex of the VISHOM.