Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and radiographic presentation of fibrous dysplasia through a 13-year retrospective study in patients who reported to the outpatient unit of Government Dental College, Trivandrum. Methods: The clinical file records and radiographs of the patients who reported to the outpatient clinic in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were retrospectively reviewed for histopathologically diagnosed fibrous dysplasia. A detailed analysis of the clinical and radiographic features of the 24 cases retrieved was carried out. Results: The male-to-female ratio of incidence was approximately 1:1. Most of the patients were in the second or third decade of life. Almost all the patients presented with a complaint of swelling on the side of the face. The mandible was more frequently involved than the maxilla. The most common radiographic pattern observed was the ''ground-glass'' appearance. Most of the patients exhibited expansion of the involved bone and loss of lamina dura of associated teeth. Conclusion: The awareness of protean features of fibrous dysplasia evident through this study is essential in the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment planning of such lesions.

Background: Biotransformation plays a crucial role in carcinogen activity. Genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes crucial to a carcinogen and drug metabolism lead to variations in their activity. These enzymes increase cancer risk by an altered action on environmental carcinogens. The objective of this study was to analyze the significance of genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and GSTM1 (carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes) genes in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Method: The study subjects included 50 patients. Twenty-five were diagnosed with OSMF, 5 with malignant transformation in OSMF, and 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Genotypes of CYP1A1 and GSTM1 were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted frequency length polymorphism. Results: 10%, 40%, and 60% GSTM1 null genotype were observed in normal subjects, OSMF patients, and OSMF patients with malignancy, respectively. 15%, 48%, and 40% CYP1A1 polymorphism were noted in normal subjects, OSMF patients, and OSMF with malignancy, respectively. Conclusion: Polymorphism in CYP1A1 and GSTM1 null genotype may increase the risk of OSMF. Combined polymorphisms may be an increased risk factor than single-gene polymorphism.