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The results of a Monte-Carlo simulation of algorithms for statistical analysis of information from detectors in radiation monitors, recording the presence of random, short-time, weak radioactive radiation, are presented. The Neyman-Pearson test and likelihood ratio, moving average, digital recursive filter, a priori probability, half-sums, and relative dispersion methods are examined. The results of a comparative analysis of the algorithms and the investigation of the possibilities and conditions for realizing their maximum possibilities are presented. The analysis has shown that the moving average method has advantages. It can be replaced by the similarity ratio method in the event of a Poisson distribution and the a priori probability method in the event of a Gaussian distribution. For an average background of not more than 5 with a large separation the moving average and similarity ratio methods are best. Otherwise the digital recursive filter method is best. The best results are obtained by combining the detection method with the moving average method together with likelihood ratio and a priori probability methods.The objective of radiation monitoring and some other applied problems is to detect weak addition background radiation. This radiation can be short-time and random, and its presence must be detected in real-time. The measurement conditions can vary over a wide range. There can be a many-fold variation of the absolute background and its temporal instability. Information on the radiation is limited to several measurements whose results can vary over a wide range -from several or more impulses. The additional signal can be comparable to the background or equal to a fraction of the background. The confidence probability with which a decision concerning the presence of additional radiation is made and the probability of a wrong decision can likewise vary over a wide range.The following criteria and statistical processing methods are often used in radiation monitoring practice to make a decision about the presence of additional radiation: Neyman-Pearson test, moving average method, and likelihood ratio test as well as digital recursive filter, a priori probability, half-sums, and relative variance methods. The results of a comparison to these criteria by means of the Monte Carlo method are presented in the present article.Algorithms for temporal processing of counts were not considered because they are rarely used in practice. For example, two methods of temporal processing of signals with detection of a moving source of radiation exceeding the background signal are compared in [1]. The first method is the conventional Neyman-Pearson test and the second is the Cox-Lewis test based on an analysis of a risk function.The problem formulated consists in choosing one of two hypotheses -the zeroth H 0 and an alternative H 1 . The first one means that the detector records only the background and the second one supposes the detection of radiation (the effect) in addition to the background. Both hypotheses are simpl...

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