The present research work has been carried out at Central Research Station farm of Dr. PDKV, Akola and at Katkheda and Sutala village of the Akola and Bulbhana district respectively. The operations considered were land preparation, sowing, intercultural, harvesting and crop residue management etc. The inputs like human power, bullock power for traditional operation were studied in entire work of the research. Similarly, for the same crops these operations were carried out by the mechanized practice for the exact quantification of the operational energy input. The study reflects the energy use patterns in mechanized and traditional farming and optimized energy efficient cropping system through mechanized farming over traditional farming. The practices evaluated for the crop production which resulted in the high yielding of crop and the crop residues.On the basis of results obtained, it was observed that the traditional operational energy requirement increases from 2680.78 MJ/ha in traditional method to 3130.72 MJ/ha in mechanized method for green gram crop. While, there is decrease in cost of operation from Rs 8407.5/ha in traditional method to Rs 5147.0/ha in mechanized system. Similar trend was observed in cotton, soybean, sorghum and wheat crop. For all the crops seed bed preparation is done by tractors in traditional as well as mechanized method except in mechanized method land smoothening is done by self propelled tiller instead of bullock drawn blade harrow. In most of the crops the farm operations were mechanized with different implements except harvesting operation, due to unavailability of appropriate machine www.ccsenet.org/jas Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 2, No. 4; December 2010 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916 192 for harvesting of crops except wheat crop. Overall it seen that the application of modern implements and machineries for the crop production over the traditional practices reduces the cost of production which surely impact on the crop production and the net income of the farmers.

SYNOPSISA survey was conducted t o assess attitudes of the public towards renewable energy. The information gathered was analysed for respondents attitudes towards issues such as, knowledge of renewable energy sources and power generation, encouragement by government as well as at a personal level, comparison of fossil fuels use and renewable power, opinions for encouragement, leads for encouraging renewable energy growth with financial incentives, global warming problem and renewable energy as an option and public financial contribution towards lowering global warming. It was observed that the public has considerable awareness of the sources of the energy. It confirms from the data that the public understands mostly that renewable energy is the non polluting source and going for utilisation of renewable energy is a very good idea. It was also clear that people knew about wind and atomic energy generation systems. Among the renewable energy sources it was found that public opinion supported wind energy as the best option for generating energy. As for the comparison of the energy generation from the renewable energy with that from fossil fuel public opinion was that renewable energy was much better. Many slightly agreed that government encouragement is necessary for the promotion of renewable energy. It was observed that respondents individually had to take a lead for developing renewable energy use at the household level as well as business development. There was general agreement that there is evidence that global warming is taking place and some action has to be taken to control it. With a view that its application would probably lead to a reduction in global warming, people agree strongly with solar energy use. They would be willing to pay if the energy in their electricity bill comes from renewable energy. Most of the respondents in the area surveyed used solar equipment in some form.The information will be helpful in bringing to market renewable energy equipment. The paper describes public attitudes for planning the use of resources towards reduction of global warming.

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The present study was undertaken with the objectives to develop a filter system for a 20 kW engine application and to test the filter. It was observed that tar content in the gas ranged from 12.4 to 85 mg/m3 , which was considered on the higher side, in some cases, compared from an accepted limit of 50 mg/m3 . The 20 kW cleaning and cooling system for cleaning of producer gas was developed by calculating the gas flow and maximum retention time in the filter. The diameter of these three filters, viz., water scrubber, wet filter and dry filter was calculated from retention time and velocity in the filter, which was found to be 0.20, 0.40 and 0.50 m respectively, with filter height of 0.80 m. The developed filter was evaluated for reduction of tar in the producer gas after cleaning. The tar content in the producer gas after filtration by using the system varies from 24 to 53.52 mg/m3 . The tar absorption using this filter system was 99.35%, while the pressure drop varied between 10 to 25 mm of the water column. The system was also operated by coupling with a small capacity IC engine. The diesel replacement was found to be in the range of 65.66 %.