The possibilities of a two-section pebble-bed core with coolant delivered along the radial direction are examined for a water-cooled water-moderated 100-400 MW(t) reactor with 4 mm in diameter fuel pebbles. The construction of the two-section core includes two ring-shaped fuel layers (inner and outer) separated by a ring-shaped channel for coolant delivery. Water filters through the inner fuel layer from the periphery toward the center and through the outer layer from the center toward the periphery. The basic characteristics of such a reactor are determined. It is shown that the power density of such a core with 4 mm in diameter fuel pellets is two times higher than that in a VVÉR-1000 reactor, and there is a substantial margin with respect to the average specific heat flux. Thermohydraulic and neutron-physical calculations showed that two-section pebble-bed cores in low-power nuclear power reactors are promising.Nuclear power reactors ranging in power from several tens to hundreds of MW(t) which can be used in remote regions, where there are no centralized sources of heat and electricity, and in individual production complexes with an economically favorable independent power supply are still of interest. Interest in the use of fuel pellets with a small diameter (2-5 mm) in power reactors has increased in the last few years [1-3]. The main expected safety advantages of the new types of reactors are due to the favorable ratio of the heat-exchange surface area and the volume of a fuel pellet, which makes it possible to attain a high energy-release density in the core. If the energy density that is obtained now in reactors with fuel rods can be maintained in the core, then the safety margin with respect to overheating is much greater. Lower fuel temperatures provide more possibilities for making reactors with fuel pellets safer.In the present paper, the neutron-physical and thermohydraulic parameters of low-power reactors with a different arrangement of the core with fuel pellets are estimated.Core Construction. The possibilities of two variants of the core arrangement are examined for water-moderated water-cooled reactors with thermal powers 100 and 400 MW(t). The first variant is a two-section pebble-bed core with the coolant delivered to the fuel layers along the radial direction. In the second variant, the core consists of a regular lattice of fuel assemblies into which the coolant is also delivered along the radial direction through the fuel pellet bed.The two-section core contains two ring-shaped fuel layers (inner and outer) separated by a ring-shaped channel for delivering the coolant. Water filters through the inner fuel layer from the periphery toward center and through the outer layer from the center toward the periphery (Fig. 1).The fuel assemblies with radial coolant flow through the fuel layer are cylindrical. The layer of fuel pellets lies between containment gratings. The ring-shaped gaps between the outer grating and the inner surface of the casing pipe and

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Statistical series of economic and energy indicators had been made up according to 2017 data. It consisted of three comparable values: population and specific (capita per inhabitant in the year) gross value added (SGVA) and electricity consumption (SEC) for fifty countries, which SGVA are larger or comparable to Belarus values. Using the correlation analysis the presence of strong, positive, reliable relationship between SGVA and SEC was established. It was found, that for the innovative development of Belarusian economy and accelerated growth of SGVA, the installed electric capacities are necessary to increase by 20–25 %. It is pointed that nuclear energy is the main resource of the fifth technological setup. The solving tasks during atomic stations operation promote development of new technology, emergence and insure advanced production methods in various economy sections. It is offered to create microclimate, required by modern technologies, in working zones of plants and at workplaces in institutions by an automated system ASLOTU – the radiant system of insuring technological conditions, which had been created by Belarusian specialists. The structurer of this infrared system, principles of its calculation and specific functioning algorithm are given. The ASLOTU technical and economic indicators have been determined – cost, service life, labor intensity and frequency of maintenance, costs of fuel consumed, period of covering capital outlays. The marked indicators are the result of processing the operation data of ASLOTU, which were implemented in Belarus for the period 1997 to 2007. They formed the basis of the draft ASLOTU introduction plan until 2035. The main planned indicators are given. The results can be used in other countries in which SGVA is 4.0–15.0 thousand dollars per person and they took course toward innovative development of the economy.

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