Tests which have been performed [1, 2] have shown that hydraulic testing of seals for high pressure vessels does notpermitone to evaluate hermeticity of a seal which ,operates on gaseous media. Moreover, to compare different variants of sealing devices (especially self-packing ones, which do not have critical points of seal failure) a quantitative measurement of the magnitude of gas loss is necessary.To carry out complex tests of seal models for hermeticity (on gaseous media) and for strength (on liquids), a stationary stand (Fig. 1) has been devised and is being successfully operated in the Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Machinery (Irkutsk NIIkhimmashe), which permits one to create a gas pressure up to 3000 kg/cm 2 or a hydraulic pressure up to 6000 kg/cm 2 and ensures safety plus the possibility of performing necessary measurements (tensometry, measurement of gas loss).The seal models being tested, 1, the hydraulic compressor, 4, and the high pressure block, 2, are placedinaproteeted chamber. The gas compressor, 8, reservoir, 7, and framewithcylinders, 5, are in a separate, isolated place. The valves and gauges are placed on a control panel board. Observations on the gauge are made through windows of clear plastic.The stand has forced and natural ventilation, and load-hoisting equipment. The lighting system and electric equipment are made in explosion-proof fashion.f

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The good technical state of elements and components of the closing section of pressure apparatus is especially important from the viewpoint of ensuring safe operation of apparatus and maintaining the ecological cleanliness of the environment.The composition of separable joints includes sealing rings or gaskets, fixing components, flanges, and lids [1]. The IrkutskNIIKhimmash Open Joint Stock Company (OAO) has developed normalization documents for calculating and designing elements and components included in these joints [1][2][3]. The normalization docnments have been compiled taking into account the current requirements on detachable joints that are not always satisfied by pressure equipment operating in pl~nt~. To determine differences between the proposed standard requirements and the actual state of working equipment, it is necessary to examine its state.When applying, in 1996, the information-diagnostic system of controlling service and repair (IDSCSR) 66 closing devices in 54 vessels and pressure apparatus operating at the plants of the ANKhK Company were examined (inspection, measurement of the components, and elements of the sealing sections).The results of examination were included in measurement and inspection charts prepared specially for each closing section of the vessel (Table I). The closing device with a two-cone sealing ring is shown in Fig. 1.Special attention was given to inspecting the geometrical parameters characterizing the state of the sealing surfaces which determine the leak tightness of the joints. The following types of closing sections have been examined: with a two-cone sealing ring (28), with a flat gasket (15); a single-cone closing device (9); with a lens gasket (5); with a wave obturator (6); with an octagonal section ring (2); with an oval section ring (1).The main types of defects in elements of the closing devices of apparatus (sealing surfaces of the lid, casing, obturators, threads of bolts), include the deviation of the shape of the sealing surfaces (roundness and straight form of the generating line of the sealing surface); mechanical damage of the sealing surfaces (depressions, scratches); deflection of the surface roughness of the sealing surfaces of the required value; depressions in the sealing surfaces; chipping of the metal of the threads of the bolts; extensive corrosion of the smooth rods of the bolts. Table 2 gives the results of examination (deviation from the norm of each parameter) of various types of closing sections. It can be seen that the maximum number of sections of the seal sections with defects is found in examination on the basis of the parameter "Deviation of the form of the sealing surfaces n and amounts of 40% of the number of examined sections of the sealing devices; when examining the thread of the fixing components it was 32%, surface roughness of the sealing surfaces 29%, corrosion of the surface of the bolts and seals 20%, mechanical damage in assembling-dismantling and service 15%.It should be noted that the sealing surfaces of the casings, li...

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