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Barrales Guadarrama, R.; Mocholí Salcedo, A.; Rodríguez Rodríguez, M.; Barrales Guadarrame, VR.; Vázquez Cerón, ER. (2013). A new forward-scatter visibility sensor based on a universal frequency-to-digital converter. Instrumentation Science and Technology. 41:445-462. doi:10.1080/10739149.2013.780250. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractTraffic delays attributable to weather conditions may cause an increase in fuel consumption and then an increase in CO 2 emissions to the environment. Visibility reduction in roads due to dense fog is a main cause of traffic accidents and possible environmental pollution, hence the importance of deploying fog warning systems. In this paper, we present a forward-scatter visibility sensor that uses a quasi-digital photodetector and a universal frequency-to-digital converter instead of a conventional analog-to-digital converter as data acquisition system. This feature has allowed the design of a low cost, robust and simple sensor-to-microcontroller interface as demanded by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. An optical system to limit light interference is proposed. The visibilimeter was calibrated from a self-calibrated transmissometer using the same frequency-to-digital technique. This new instrument is capable of a 41 to 662.5 m visibility range detection and to transmit the information wirelessly to a 100 m distance.

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Nowadays, the analyses of impact of metallic structural elements of big dimensions are very expensive and dangerous due to the fact that the tests are destructive in nature and involve impact forces of the order of Meganewtons. That is the reason why searching for new alternatives that make these analyses easier and cheaper and that ensure the safety for those carrying the tests is necessary. No significative differences in the stress and strain of impact results were observed in a small scale from those obtained at full scale, if the laws for modeling of dimensional analysis are observed, in fact result differences were around 1%. We concluded that dimensional analysis can be applied when studying impacts of tank trucks because it made the analysis easier by reducing the number of factors to be considered and at the same time produced satisfactory results using scaling prototypes.