Adiponectin is an adipose tissue specific protein that is decreased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to examine whether variants in the regulatory regions of the adiponectin gene contribute to type 2 diabetes in Asian Indians. The study comprised of 2,000 normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and 2,000 type 2 diabetic, unrelated subjects randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), in southern India. Fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. We identified two proximal promoter SNPs (-11377C-->G and -11282T-->C), one intronic SNP (+10211T-->G) and one exonic SNP (+45T-->G) by SSCP and direct sequencing in a pilot study (n = 500). The +10211T-->G SNP alone was genotyped using PCR-RFLP in 4,000 study subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with TG genotype of +10211T-->G had significantly higher risk for diabetes compared to TT genotype [Odds ratio 1.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.07-1.54; P = 0.008]. However, no association with diabetes was observed with GG genotype (P = 0.22). Stratification of the study subjects based on BMI showed that the odds ratio for obesity for the TG genotype was 1.53 (95%CI 1.3-1.8; P < 10(-7)) and that for GG genotype, 2.10 (95% CI 1.3-3.3; P = 0.002). Among NGT subjects, the mean serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower among the GG (P = 0.007) and TG (P = 0.001) genotypes compared to TT genotype. Among Asian Indians there is an association of +10211T-->G polymorphism in the first intron of the adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hypoadiponectinemia.

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A study on the effect of growth regulators on morphological parameters, phenology and yield of muskmelon under graded levels of moisture stress condition was carried out at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta. The experiment was laid out in two factorial completely randomized block design replicated thrice. Factor 1 comprised of three moisture stress levels imposed at 50 % flowering stage, T 1 -0 days water stress, T 2 -7 days water stress and T 3 -14 days water stress and Factor 2comprised of three foliar sprays, S 1water spray (Control), S 2 -Gibberellic acid (50 ppm), S 3 -Salicylic acid (0.5 mM). The results indicated that among the moisture stress levels, the morphological parameters and yield attributes were superior in plants not subjected to water stress. Among the foliar sprays tried, SA (0.5 mM) and GA 3 (50 ppm) improved the morphological and yield attributes compared to water spray. Under stress condition, the exogenous application of gibberellic acid @ 50 ppm and salicylic acid @ 0.5 mM was effective in mitigating the deleterious effect of drought stress in muskmelon.