A search was made for publications on modern methods for determining cardiovascular risk in young people with positive family history for early cardiovascular events. The use of various screening options allows timely identification of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia who have a high cardiovascular risk. The most effective method is cascade screening. Cardiovascular risk assessment systems that include a family history of early cardiovascular events and lipid profiles in individuals under 40 years of age provide prevention of atherosclerosis. In the diagnosis of risk, the lipoprotein (a) is of particular clinical importance, elevated concentrations of which are associated with a high risk of vascular damage and an unfavorable course of atherosclerosis.

Objective of the research: to study the results of levosimendan use in young children with heart failure (HF) of functional class IV (FC). Materials and methods: the analysis of observation of patients who received levosimendan: 2 with cardiomyopathies (CMP), 12 with congenital heart defects (CHD). The drug was administered intravenously 0,2 μg/kg/min. Results: in patients with CMP, the ejection fraction doubled after administration of levosimendan, in children with CHD heart contractility increased by 18%, and pulmonary artery pressure decreased by 17 mm Hg. There were no undesirable effects. Conclusion: administration of levosimendan provides an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in pulmonary resistance in children with HF IV FC without undesirable effects.