Extensive data have been accumulated indicating that for the regions of the Far North, the most effective are opaque greenhouses with enclosing structures of sufficiently high resistance to heat transfer, providing for the cultivation of plants under artificial or joint (semi-opaque greenhouses) lighting. From 1 m of such structures, you can get 140 … 300 kg of vegetables per year. To maintain a certain air temperature in greenhouses, mainly two heating systems are used: water and air. Extensive data have been accumulated indicating that for the regions of the Far North, the most effective are opaque greenhouses with enclosing structures of sufficiently high resistance to heat transfer, providing for the cultivation of plants under artificial or joint (semi-opaque greenhouses) lighting. From 1 m of such facilities, you can get 140 … 300 kg of vegetables per year. When growing plants in cultivation rooms in winter and spring, it is necessary to artificially maintain climatic factors affecting the growth and development of plants. In this regard, the automatic regulation of these factors in accordance with the requirements of agricultural technology is of great importance. To automatically maintain the temperature in greenhouses, a two-position control system is used. Large-scale greenhouse production is currently developing along the path of introducing technologies for intensive cultivation of vegetable crops and the use of automated control systems for technological processes based on micro- and mini-computers. One of the important technological processes is watering and feeding plants with mineral fertilizers. The need to automate this process is associated with the laboriousness of the process of preparing solutions, accurately maintaining a given concentration of substances in them, timely supply and uniform dosing over the entire area of the greenhouse under various disturbances of the external environment.

In severe operating conditions, there are machines for the preparation and introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides. They fail in order after two or three years due to corrosion and corrosion-mechanical wear. Under these conditions, the main thing is not to protect individual details, but the protection of the machine as a whole. Disclosure of the mechanism and patterns of corrosion-mechanical wear and corrosion of structural materials in aggressive environments made it possible to scientifically substantiate the most effective ways to increase the service life of machines at the stages of design, manufacturing and operation. Passive working bodies (frame, body, tank) polymer and gummed coatings are reliably protected from corrosion. Corrosion damage to the details of agricultural machines during storage. The illustrated surfaces of the working bodies of plows, seeders, cultivators, disk harrows and other agricultural machines in the storage period are oxidized and coated with rust. In some cases, it appears due to the destruction of the protective film of paint in others - due to violation of the storage rules. The lower parts of agricultural machines made of simple carbonistic structural and unfounded steels, in contrast to parts remote from the soil and no contact with it, corroded intensively.

Relevance.Inhalation administration of compounds with peptide and protein structure may be promising in provision of emergency medical assistance in emergency situations, including radiation injuries. The development of inhalation dosage forms for compounds with peptide and protein structure requires the selection of excipients to increase their bioavailability.Intention.To assess effects of permeability enhancers on the effectiveness of a model biologically active substance of protein nature (insulin) by inhalation.Methods.The experiments were carried out in outbred white male rats with initial weight of 180–220 g. To assess the effectiveness of insulin and permeability enhancers, they were administered via intranasal and intratracheal routes using a MicroSprayer® IA-2B instillation probe (Penn Century, USA). The list of biological membrane permeability enhancers under investigation (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) includes the following substances: methyl-β-cyclodextrin, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, Tween-80, sodium methyl oleate, oleic acid, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycocholate, Pluronic F-68, tesit, Brij-35, saponin, cetylpyridine.Results and Discussion. Insulin bioavailability without permeability enhancers does not exceed 0.5% when administered intranasally. When assessing effects of multiple doses of permeability enhancers on food and water consumption in animals over time, decreased parameters under study were observed in the control and experimental groups compared to intact animals. Multiple intratracheal administration of solutions to rats can lead to some infectious complications.Conclusion. Such excipients as sodium taurocholate, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin and Тween-80 in a concentration of 5 % increase bioavailability and intensity of biological effects of insulin when administered intranasally. The surfactants Brij-35, Тween-80 and sodium taurocholate in a concentration of 0.25 % increase the duration of biological effects of insulin when administered intratracheally. Sodium taurocholate and Tween-80 in a concentration of 0.25 % have the lowest toxicity during multiple intratracheal administration.

Improving the efficiency as well as reliability of reaping threshers results in the enhanced efficiency of cereal harvesting. To make the agroindustrial complex as a whole and agriculture, in particular, more efficient, new advanced technologies are necessary. These technologies are based upon the members of modern machines for soil preparation, seeding, crop tending and all harvesting machinery. However, the implementation of their design program is virtually stagnating due to the lack of funding which restricts the forming and development of market and production relations in the agroindustrial complex in their civilized forms on the basis of the advanced technology and new technique. The article provides the research on the way to improve the efficiency of the screw-type conveyor; this allows building a compact design by means of increasing the number of conveyor rotations. The authors describe a technology of operation of grain conveyors and study their operation mechanism and point to their operation deficiencies consisting, in particular, in the lacking opportunities to transfer grain for long distances along the spatial road or complicates a process flow sheet. In addition, operation at loading directly from the heap requires manual labor or additional equipment.