The prototypical hereditary cancer is retinoblastoma. With an approximate 1500 new cases each year, India has the highest prevalence of retinoblastoma in the world. Recent findings in retinoblastoma genetics are discussed, with an emphasis on knowledge that is clinically relevant to patients. There is also a discussion of the Indian literature on retinoblastoma clinical genetics, as well as issues and prospective paths. The study ends with suggestions to assist physicians in incorporating and applying retinoblastoma genetics into their practice.