O uso inadequado das águas, sua degradação e distribuição desigual podem comprometer a sua quantidade e qualidade necessárias às gerações futuras, bem como gerar conflitos de interesses entre os segmentos industrial, urbano e agrícola. Nesse contexto, torna-se de grande importância a realização de estudos sobre a qualidade dos recursos hídricos, tendo como base a análise da variação temporal de parâmetros limnológicos. O presente estudo foi realizado na sub-bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão das Cruzes, que contribui para o abastecimento da cidade de Araraquara (SP) com cerca de 30% de toda água captada e servida à população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar a qualidade da água desse ribeirão a montante e a jusante do lançamento do efluente da ETE municipal em um período de 24 horas (ciclo de variação nictemeral). A coleta de dados, compreendendo o período de um dia, foi realizada com o intuito de observar a dinâmica de funcionamento e a amplitude de variação dos processos ecológicos do sistema estudado. Os parâmetros analisados apresentaram variações significativas nas seções de montante e jusante do ponto de lançamento do efluente. Com a análise nictemeral, fica evidente a influência dos efluentes sobre as águas do ribeirão das Cruzes, principalmente durante determinadas horas do dia.
An outfall 1,800 m long was initially proposed by CASAN (Water and Sanitation Company of Santa Catarina) to dispose of treated domestic residual water effluent from Praia dos Ingleses beach. The final plan average flow, estimated for the summer season is 0.1543 m³/s. The characteristics on the near field of the diffuser were calculated using the NRFIELD model supplied by a series of current profiles and density, gathered at the diffuser location between March and April, 2007. Reliable information of raw sewage fecal coliform concentration and nutrients has been supplied by CASAN, based on continuous monitoring of sewage in its treatment plants. The diffuser was designed in such a way that it maximizes the initial dilution allowing the nutrients concentration to comply with legislation limits. However, results showed that the treatment plant should be designed to mainly reduce total phosphorus. A hydrodynamic model was implemented to generate current fields for the far field modeling. Information gathered in the field on variation in water level, wind, and current velocity and direction was used for boundary and/or initial conditions. Then, a Lagrangian advective-diffusive model was used to evaluate the extent of the plumes. The results of far field modeling showed a need to increase the outfall length. A new location 3,300 m from the beach has been proposed.
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