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SYNOPSISElectrical conductivity and permeability for NaCl and glucose of heterogeneous cation and anion exchange membranes was studied as a function of the type of ion exchanger and swelling water content. Using membrane composition and the character of data obtained, it was proved that the percolation theory is suitable for the interpretation of experimental results. It was found for both the cationic and anionic type of membranes that the "insulator to conductor" and "nonpermeable to permeable material" percolation transition proceeds at a critical water fraction approximately 0.25. The exponent T of the scaling equation is approximately 1.6, thus lying in the vicinity of the theoretical value for three-dimensional systems.

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The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.