The article presents the influence of biopreparations containing nanoparticles of ferrum, cobalt and cuprum on fodder and red beets. We have investigated parameters of plants growth and development, the phytohormonic status of vegetating plants, the yield, its structure and chemical composition of fodder and red beets including vitamin C and carotene. We have proved ecological safety of nanopreparations on the basis of experiment area soil chemical composition. We have tried nanobiopraparations in the technology of the crops growing.

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Correlation between the size of copper nanoparticles and effects they produce on white mustard seedlings were studied in the paper. Copper nanopowders with average particle sizes of 45 and 200 nm with concentrations of 0.01–1000 wt ppm of seeds were used to treat white mustard seeds. Nonlinear dose effects were displayed by copper nanopowders obtained by chemical synthesis with the particle size of 35-60 nm. For 45 nm nanoparticles the highest biological activity with regard to germinating energy, 3-day stem and root weight was registered at 5.0 wt ppm concentration, while for root length and weight of the 7-day stems the 1.0 wt ppm concentration had the most pronounced effect. Copper submicron powder with average particle size of 200 nm displayed some effect only after 7th day of the experiment at high concentrations (from 100 to 1000 wt ppm) according to the measurements of length and weight of the seedlings. The obtained results can be used in the development of copper nanoparticles-based preparations for pre-sowing treatment of seeds.

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Modern agricultural production requires innovative technologies. For a labile technological process of grain growing the following things are necessary: precise (coordinate) farming, crops protection in the form of controlled coexistence with undesirable life forms and a single pre-treatment with biopreparations based on biogenic metal nanoparticles. Physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles contribute to biocompatibility and biological activity when interacting with wheat and other crops. The paper shows relationship between the size of metal nanoparticles and their effect on wheat seedlings at concentrations of 0.001-1.000 g/t. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the crops significantly decreased when maximum morpho-physiological parameters and increased sharply at concentrations above 100 g/t and 10 g/t, respectively, for nanoparticles sized 35-60 nm and up to 20 nm. For nanoparticles sized 35-60 nm the stability limit was the concentration of nanoparticles much higher than 100 g/t, and for those up to 20 nm it was 0.001-10 g/t. The content of hormone indole acetic acid increased under the action of nanoparticles, which increased energy efficiency of plant respiration, activity of enzymatic reactions and wheat yield and grain quality when strengthening the seedlings’ viability, reducing the effect of weeds to minimum.