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Abstract. The dependence of current density on the conductivity and the wear rate for the electric contact steel/steel 45 under conditions of dry sliding friction at current density higher 100 А/cm 2 has been presented. It has been determined that the increase in the content of alloying elements or reinforcing phase in the initial structure of the steel leads to lower strength of the surface layer, resulting in a high wear rate of contact and catastrophic wear at a low current density. It has been noted that the rapid destruction of the surface layer of alloy steels is caused by their low plasticity limits. The high values of wear resistance of non-alloyed steel at friction with current collection are due to the instability to the rotary and shear deformation, as well as to the formation of a viscous fluid on the sliding surface.