Introduction This paper examines the extent to which an intervention succeeded in locating people who had recently become infected with HIV in the context of the large‐scale Ukrainian epidemic. Locating and intervening with people who recently became infected with HIV (people with recent infection, or Pw RI ) can reduce forward HIV transmission and help Pw RI remain healthy. Methods The Transmission Reduction Intervention Project ( TRIP ) recruited recently‐infected and longer‐term infected seeds in Odessa, Ukraine, in 2013 to 2016, and asked them to help recruit their extended risk network members. The proportions of network members who were Pw RI were compared between TRIP arms (i.e. networks of recently‐infected seeds vs. networks of longer‐term infected seeds) and to the proportion of participants who were Pw RI in an RDS ‐based Integrated Biobehavioral Surveillance of people who inject drugs in 2013. Results The networks of Pw RI seeds and those of longer‐term infected seeds had similar (2%) proportions who were themselves Pw RI . This was higher than the 0.25% proportion in IBBS ( OR = 7.80; p = 0.016). The odds ratio among the subset of participants who injected drugs was 11.17 ( p = 0.003). Cost comparison analyses using simplified ingredients‐based methods found that TRIP spent no more than US $4513 per Pw RI located whereas IBBS spent $11,924. Conclusions Further research is needed to confirm these results and improve TRIP further, but our findings suggest that interventions that trace the networks of people who test HIV ‐positive are a cost‐effective way to locate Pw RI and reduce HIV transmission and should therefore be implemented.

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This article explores the development of the conceptual foundations of the social concept of global constitutionalism. It is proved that the evolution of ontological principles in global constitutionalism is due to a system of processes: 1) the convergence of neoliberalism and neoconservatism, due to the gradual washing out of the philosophical core in them, its replacement by political technologies that justify the practice of satisfying the interest of political classes and population groups; 2) the formation on a planetary scale of a single global governing class headed by a single system of elites; 3) the formation of a single financial and economic basis for further globalization of socio-political and state-legal development in national states; 4) the formation of a single general goal of the global governing class, which has a purely practical (rational) nature, subject to the logic of preserving power and property in the hands of global governing elites-the preservation and development of the world capitalist system. Thus, global constitutionalism acts as a social concept that justifies the globalization of the socio-political, state-legal, financial and economic structure of national states and societies, filling it with content. It substantiates the position that the social concept of global constitutionalism in the ontological, epistemological, methodological and axiological terms has incorporated the most rational concepts and constructs not only from neoliberal and neoconservative, but also from national socialist (Nazi) and fascist social concepts. Examines the impact on the evolution of the ontological principles of social concept of global constitutionalism content of the ontological principles and other social concepts. It substantiates the position that the ontological perception of the world picture in the framework of the social concept of global constitutionalism as a whole is built on the basis of neoliberalism and neoconservatism that prevailed in the Western world, being the most rational systemic updating of their principles. The goal of research: to investigate the genesis of the ontological principles in global constitutionalism. Subject of research: theoretical content and stages of development of ontological principles in global constitutionalism in relation to its social essence.

The article identifies and studies the features of the modern critical discourse of reforming the education system in Russia.  Based on the socio-philosophical method of cognition, the authors of the article aim to identify and analyze a number of dangers in the modern education system of Russia that pose a threat to its full development, since they impede the training of highly qualified specialists and mature responsible individuals.  The article suggests measures to eliminate the identified dangers and generally optimize the modern innovative development of the education system. The authors of the article believe that the development of the education system should in practice become the most important priority of state policy so that the latter provides an effective governing influence on the development of the educational space. This means that in the education system it is necessary to timely identify real and potential dangers, analyze them in detail and, accordingly, develop effective tools to eliminate these dangers and optimize the further safe development of the educational space. The education system in Russia will only then be able to train highly qualified specialists and mature responsible individuals when it eliminates the dangers (deviations from safe development standards).