The paper deals with the obtained results of examining the adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties cultivated in the seventh (Middle Volga) region of the Russian Federation. The following varieties were taken as the object of the current research: Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter, Moskovskaya 56, Fotinya, Klaudia 2. This research was carried out with the aim to improve the efficiency of grain production. The chosen varieties had been studying at six levels of mineral nutrition over three years. The indicators obtained by years of research (without fertilization), characterizing the attitude of genotypes to the conditions prevailing during the growing season of crops, were considered as the influence of unregulated environmental factors. The indicators obtained during the application of fertilizers were assessed as controlled environmental factors. The adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties were assessed by indicators characterizing potential adaptability or potential productivity, resistance to stress and the intensity of reaction to favorable environmental conditions. Taking into consideration the adaptive properties of the winter wheat varieties, it was found that they are mainly potentially productive forms, but varieties differ significantly in stress resistance and reaction to favorable environmental conditions. As a result of a comprehensive assessment, conclusions were made about the advisability of using a particular variety in technologies with different levels of cultivation intensity. Firstly, the varieties such as Bezenchukskaya 380, Fotinya and Claudia 2 should be used in technologies of moderate intensity. Secondly, it would be more efficient to cultivate the varieties Nemchinovskaya 57 and Scepter using intensive technologies. Thirdly, the variety Moskovskaya 56 could be cultivated with applying both moderate and high-intensity technologies.

Основным направлением повышения качества зерна является выведение новых сортов, генетически предрасположенных формировать зерно с высоким качеством. Вместе с тем, генетический потенциал сортов способен реализовываться только при конкретных погодных условиях и применении приемов возделывания, благоприятно влияющих на рост и развитие растений. В настоящих исследованиях путем изменения режимов питания растений создавали различные условия для того, чтобы определить возможности сортов формировать урожай зерна с большим содержанием белка. Цель работы оценить и выделить сорта озимой пшеницы, способные реализовать потенциал качества зерна при различных уровнях интенсификации минерального питания. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что сорта озимой пшеницы характеризуются неодинаковыми свойствами накапливать белок в зерне. Высокой активностью накапливать белок при внесении удобрений характеризуется сорт Клавдия 2. Средней активностью сорта Безенчукская 380, Московская 56 и низкой Немчиновская 57, Скипетр и Фатинья. Внесение минеральных удобрений из расчета N16 P16 K16 при посеве осенью и N68 в подкормку весной способствует формированию зерна с более высоким содержанием белка у всех сортов озимой пшеницы.The main direction of improving the quality of grain is the cultivation of new varieties genetically predisposed to form high quality grain. At the same time, the genetic potential of varieties can only be realized under specific weather conditions and the application of cultivation techniques that favourably affect the growth and development of plants. In these studies, various conditions were created by changing plant nutritional regimes in order to determine the possibilities of varieties to form a grain crop with a high protein content. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and highlight varieties of winter wheat that can realize the potential of grain quality at various levels of intensification of mineral nutrition. To achieve the goal, a two-factor field experiment was carried out. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - levels of mineral nutrition. As a result, it was established that varieties of winter wheat were characterized by unequal properties to accumulate protein in grain. Variety Claudia 2 was characterized by high activity to accumulate protein when fertilizing. Bezenchukskaya 380, Moskovskaya 56 were characterized by medium activity and Nemchinovskaya 57, Scepter and Fatigna - by low. The application of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16 P16 K16 during sowing in fall and N68 for top dressing in spring contributed to the formation of grain with a higher protein content in all varieties of winter wheat.

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