The correlation between the traits allows making an indirect selection, while the selection according to one trait results in the selection of another indicator. The purpose of the work is to estimate the variability of quantitative traits of Sudan grass and the correlations between them, to identify marker traits of high productivity and quality of green mass. There have been presented the study results of 115 collection samples of Sudan grass with various environmental and geographical origin of the Rostov region made in 2014-2018. There was a great variability (V=29.7-50.0%) in tillering, leaf square, green mass yield, stem diameter, plant height among the studied varieties.  The percentage of fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances in the green mass of the studied Sudanese grass samples were characterized with high stability (V = 4.9-5.0%). The analysis has identified a strong correlation between green mass productivity and leaf length (r=0.59±0.01), leaf width (r=0.57±0.02), leaf square (r=0.54±0.03), plant height (r=0.48±0.06), length of ‘vegetation-ear formation’ period (r=0.48±0.004) and number of leaves (r=0.42±0.03). There has been identified a group of samples ‘Boldinsky’, ‘Fioros’, ‘К-176’, ‘К-205, ‘К-272’ with 35-55 t/ha green mass productivity and with 20.5-24.5% dry matter in green mass. The conducted analysis has shown that dry matter percentage greatly correlates with plant height (r=0.30±0.001), vegetation period (r=0.34±0.004) and number of leaves (r=0.26±0.006). The markers of high productivity and quality of green mass are length of a vegetation period and number of leaves (their increase results in the growth of green mass yields), dry matter percentage in green mass and protein decrease in it.

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The Lugansk region is situated in the arid steppe part, where the main grain crops are not able to realize productive potential to their full extent. The purpose of the work is to identify the features of grain sorghum varieties developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” in the conditions of the Lugansk region. The objects of the study were the sorghum varieties ‘Orlovskoe’, ‘Zernogradskoe 88’, ‘Luchistoe’, ‘Velikan’, ‘Khazine 28’ developed by the FSBSI ARC “Donskoy” in comparison with the varieties and hybrids of exotic breeding. The ecological study was conducted in the experimental plot of the Lugansky National Agricultural University in 2016–2017. The varieties selected by the ARC “Donskoy” belong to the groups of ultra-early season and early season varieties and become completely mature for 83–96 days. The productivity of the varieties ‘Orlovskoe’, ‘Luchistoe’, ‘Velikan’ is similar to the productivity of varieties and hybrids which mature on 20–25 days later. The varieties manage to form high-grade grain to mid-September and do not need any costs on desiccation of sowings and drying of grain after harvesting to conventional humidity that testifies high economic efficiency of the ARC “Donskoy” varieties. Grain productivity is a complex trait, which consists of various quantitative elements. The conducted structural analysis showed that plant height, 1000-kernel weight, grain nature of the most varieties and hybrids had week correlation with external conditions. According to the correlation-regression analysis grain nature in the Lugansk region is directly connected with sorghum productivity. The increase of grain nature on one unit results in grain productivity increase on 0.0091 t/ha.

The current paper presents the study results of protein percentage, content of lysine and starch in the collection samples of grain sorghum of various ecological and geographical origin. It was determined that the seed protein percentage in the grain sorghum samples varied from 9.0 to 13.5%. The highest values were identified in the samples from Russia (KiM, Krymbel, Krusta, Ros’), Ukraine (Pioner 412/Milovskoe 6, No. 13-13, Pioner 878/Genicheskoe brown 129) and China (KX 8, No. 26-14) with 13.0-13.5%. The lysine content in protein of the studied samples was 2.5-4.3%, while the value of the standard variety Zernogradskoe 88 was 3.17% with the standard deviation of 0.24%. The maximum content (3.8-4.3%) was identified in the samples Early Hegari (Peru), Line ExF3 IS12606 (Australia), DN-35f (Ukraine), CS-175 (Philippines), H.S.-21 (Romania), Sorghum k-9553 (Korea). The starch content in seed of the collection samples varied within 70.2-77.5%. The highest intragroup values were showed by the samples from Peru (73.9%), Australia (73.8%), France (73.0%), Senegal (73.4%).

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ БЕЛОЗЕРНЫХ СОРТОВ СОРГО ЗЕРНОВОГО В селекции сорго обозначилось новое направление-пищевое. Поэтому, наряду с проблемами создания высокоурожайных и раннеспелых сортов, актуальной задачей современной селекции является улучшение качества зерна сорго. Цель работы-оценка белозерных сортов сорго зернового селекции ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской» по основным показателям качества. Исследования проводили на базе ФГБНУ «Аграрный научный центр «Донской» в 2015-2017 гг. В качестве объекта исследований были допущенные к использованию белозерные сорта Хазине 28, Великан и Зерноградское 88. Образцы с темноокрашенным зерном уступают по содержанию крахмала светлоокрашенным (r =-0,36 ± 0,08). При производстве крахмала для пищевых целей желательно использовать в качестве сырья сорта сорго зернового со светлыми семенными оболочками, что и ставит соответствующие задачи перед селекцией. Изученные сорта имеют высокое (74,5%) и очень высокое (75,5-75,6%) содержание крахмала в зерне. Выход крахмала у них составляет 63,6-65,9%. Зерно сорго можно использовать в качестве альтернативного сырья зерну кукурузы для получения крахмала и крахмалопродуктов. Содержание танина в зерне сорго имеет сильную положительную корреляционную связь с окраской зерновки (r = 0,80 ± 0,05). В зерне белозерных сортов сорго зернового Хазине 28, Зерноградское 88 и Великан отмечено низкое содержание танина (0,2-0,8%) и среднее содержание белка (11,6-12,4%). Создан новый белозерный, раннеспелый, высокоурожайный сорт сорго зернового Атаман с содержанием крахмала в зерне 78,5%, выходом крахмала-66,7%.