1% (I период) до 27,8% (II период). Основные измене-ния у больных сочетанной инфекцией были ассоциированы с ВИЧ, удельный вес которых увеличился с 10,0% (I период) до 91,8% (III период). Летальность больных сочетанной инфек-цией возросла с 11,7 до 34,7% (в 3 раза).Ключевые слова: хронические вирусные гепатиты, туберкулез, ВИЧ-инфекция, сочетанные инфекции. 1998-2001 year (period I, 128 patients), 2008 year (period II, 334 patients) and in 2013-2014 11,7 to 34,7% (3 times). Аbstract With the aim of improving the system of epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of the most significant and socially determined co-infections, carried out the epidemiological analysis of viral hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis and HIV infection who were registered in the Clinical infectious hospital named. S. P. Botkin in the beginning of this century (17-year period). Examined 707 patients. The comparison carried out between the three groups of patients co-infected identified in

Objective.The frequency of diagnosing intrauterine infections is increasing every year. assessment of the frequency of intra-amniotic infection of the fetus using the standard case definition.Subject and methods: a study, conducted in one of the maternity hospitals of St. Petersburg, included 110 newborn children with an established diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection. To clarify the diagnosis, we have applied the probable and confirmed standard definitions of the case.Results:a study showed that the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection was consistent with the standard case definition in 30.9% of cases.Conclusion:  the introduction of standard case definitions will make it possible to unify the registration and notification of the intrauterine infections by different specialists in all types of healthcare settings and will allow a unified approach to identification of the intrauterine infections, both in maternity hospitals and in the neonatal units of children's hospitals.

The fight against a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) has been ongoing for more than two years and has clearly been delayed, necessitating an epidemiological assessment of the status of the solution, successes and shortcomings in the control of the problem on both global and regional scales. An monitoring, epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality in WHO regions and selected territories by month and week for 2020–2021 and partly for 2022 was performed. It was found that the monthly trend of morbidity and mortality in their comparison across WHO regions and in individual countries repeats to some extent the weekly dynamics, but is not equal to it in the territories under comparison. It shows the wavelike epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection caused mainly by the emergence and circulation of new variants and subvariants of the pathogen among the population. An attempt was made to explain some features of the wavelike course of the epidemic process of COVID-19 depending on a number of other additional risk factors. Significant risk factors for the spread of the infection include a low level of social responsibility of the population not providing the necessary amount of measures (masking regime, non-compliance with social distance), uncontrolled travel regulation and, finally, a low level or complete absence of collective immunity to new mutation variants of the virus. Collective immunity formed as a result of disease transmissions and specific prophylaot pxis does protect completely against infection with new virus variants, but ensures a lighter course of the disease in cases of infection, reduced hospitalizations and deaths. Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg are also characterized by a wave-like course, however the indicators at the height of waves and in the intervals between them don’t decrease. The reason for this situation could be overdiagnosis, shortcomings in identifying the new variant of the virus. The delta variant, characterized by a more severe clinical course and unfavorable outcomes, is still circulating in some territories. Therefore, vaccination with coverage of 80 % of the population, including 60 % of the booster dose should ensure a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of all variants of the virus, the frequency of hospitalizations and deaths. Proceeding from the wave-like nature of the epidemic process in Russia and its metropolitan areas, all preventive measures should be strengthened not only at the peak of the epidemic, but also between waves in order to prevent infections and reduce morbidity and mortality. The need for measures is evidenced by the dynamics of increasing rates from the summer to the autumn-winter period of the year. However, analysis of weekly dynamics of morbidity should be taken as a basis for monitoring and accounting for changes in the epidemic process.

Резюме Цель: провести сравнительный эпидемиологический анализ и выявить эпидемиологические и клинические особенности клещевого энцефалита и боррелиоза как моно-, так и одновременного сочетания этих инфекций у больных в Санкт-Петербурге. Материалы и методы: ретроспективно изучено 718 случаев клещевого энцефалита, 4353 случая клещевого боррелиоза и 127 сочетанных заболеваний, зарегистрированных в отделе учета и регистрации инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний Центра гигиены и эпидемиологии Санкт-Петербурга за 2006-2017 гг. Идентификация сочетанных заболеваний происходила с помощью специальной программы, позволяющей выявлять сочетанные заболевания из массива моноинфекций. Для выявления клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей изучено 144 истории болезни клещевым энцефалитом, 286-клещевым боррелиозом и 43 истории болезни в случаях сочетания этих инфекций. Проанализированы возрастно-половые характеристики, места заражения людей, вирусо-и борелиафорность клещей, клинические формы моно-и сочетанных заболеваний, изменения, происходящие во времени. Коэффициент серопозитивности IgM у больных оценивался в динамике обследования пациентов. Результаты: многолетняя динамика заболеваемости клещевым энцефалитом и клещевым боррелиозом не имела выраженных тенденций к росту или снижению и характеризовалась синхронными колебаниями. Выявлен приоритет заболеваемости мужчин над женщинами. Заражения клещевым энцефалитом и боррелиозами в 61-69% случаев происходили в Ленинградской облас