The analysis of the structure of mortality from the toxic effect of phenobarbital in the city of Volgograd for the period 2014–2018 was carried out. It was revealed that the mortality rate as a result of taking phenobarbital for the indicated period more than doubled, especially among the working age population (35–50 years). When comparing this indicator with a similar one for the period 1994–1998 an increase in the number of lethal poisoning with phenobarbital by 26 % was noted. It was found that taking phenobarbital is often combined with other toxic substances (ethyl alcohol – in 36 % of cases, opiates and opioids – in 11 %, benzodiazepines – in 7 %, antidepressants and neuroleptics – in 6 %, etc.) In most cases, with phenobarbital poisoning, the presence of pathological signs of secondary cardiomyopathy, chronic ischemic heart disease, ventricular fibrillation, acute alveolar emphysema, edema of the substance and membranes of the brain, toxic encephalopathy, necronephrosis was revealed. The results obtained can be considered as additional data when conducting forensic medical diagnostics of acute phenobarbital poisoning and will be useful already at the stage of studying the primary documentation, as well as during the forensic medical examination of the corpse.
1 Кафедра судебной медицины (зав. -доц. В.Б. Барканов) Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета, Волгоград, Россия, 400131; 2 ГБУЗ «Волгоградский областной клинический наркологический диспансер» (гл. врач Л.В. Орешкина), Волгоград, Россия, 400006 Провели статистический анализ случаев судебно-химической травмы за 6 лет. Проанализировали и систематизировали особенности и обстоятельства 209 смертельных отравлений неустановленным веществом. За указанный период отметили тенденцию к увеличению числа умерших. Установили, что в большинстве случаев обстоятельства смерти помогают предположить возможный характер яда. Обращено внимание на проблемы, возникающие при проведении судебно-химического анализа, что может быть полезным при решении вопроса о конкретизации причины смерти в последующих случаях. Ключевые слова: неустановленное вещество, судебно-химическая травма, судебно-химический анализ. КАК ЦИТИРОВАТЬ: Сивик В.В., Затямина М.С., Мигунов В.С., Кинаш А.А. Судебно-медицинское значение токсического действия неустановленного вещества в структуре химической травмы. Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. 2019;62(4):A statistical analysis of cases of chemical poisonings over a six-year period in Volgograd was conducted. The features and circumstances of 209 fatal poisonings by an unidentified substance were analyzed and systematized. The number of poisoning deaths rose during this period. It was found that the circumstances of death help in diagnosing the possible characteristics of the poison.Attention is drawn to the problems that arise when conducting a forensic chemical analysis, which may be useful for deciding the specific cause of death in future cases.
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