It has been established that the imbalance of soil processes caused by insufficient intake of organic matter into the soil causes its degradation, decreased fertility, and humus content. There is a problem of ensuring environmental safety. It was also established that the development of new or the improvement of existing structural and technological solutions for tillage is of particular practical interest. Pre-sowing cultivation of the soil is a thorough closure and preservation of moisture through the creation of the upper mulched surface, the destruction of weeds and the creation of favorable conditions for seed germination at a biologically optimal depth of planting. For the steppe zone of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region and Stavropol Territory), which is the main grain-sowing zone in Russia, research is needed to develop innovative means for pre-sowing treatment that provides the accumulation and preservation of moisture and nutrients, reduces fuel consumption and stable movement of working bodies in soils having different densities. To solve this problem, the hypothesis was put forward at Kuban Agrarian University that in order to ensure moisture conservation and reduce energy consumption, stability of movement of the working bodies of the device in soils with different densities is required, while the stand must deviate under the influence of external resistance in three planes. The research was developed and protected by the patent “Device for presowing tillage”. Studies have been carried out to optimize the energy costs of an innovative tool for presowing tillage using experimental design methods that confirm effectiveness.

In order to solve the problem of uniform surface treatment of bored areas of perennial plantations (treatment with herbicides) the graph-analytical method of examination of treatment quality (determination of untreated and treated area around the overlapped die) is proposed. To do this, you need to specify the diameter of the stamp of perennial planting, the overall size of the deflector in the form of a stylus, its position in the space relative to the diameter of the stamp of perennial planting, the size of the overlap zone when treating with herbicides in the gardens, the distance between the dies and the operating speed of the unit to determine the geometric and operating parameters of the sprayer. The whole stage of the working device (probe), when it is working in the nozzle zone is divided into 4 stages. Analysis of the graphical image of the stylus trajectory during movement around the stamp gives an idea of the surface treatment process with herbicides during spraying. In the first stage, part of the borehole zone is treated with overlap, while in the third stage, the untreated area around the die is left untreated. The dependencies of determining these areas depending on the geometric dimensions of the dies, their location in the gardens, the length and angle of the stylus and the operating speed of the unit are derived. According to the different trajectories of movement, in the process of influence of a stylus on a stamp there is a change of direction of an air-droplet stream, as a result of which the flow of a working liquid and accordingly the processed area changes. It is possible to determine the deviation of the actual rate of fluid flow from the specified rate at different points in the borehole area by calculating the areas treated with overlap and untreated. All obtained dependencies will serve for optimization of geometrical and mode parameters of the working device (feeler gauge) during its operation in the borehole zone.