The study deals with the assessment of individual-personal and socio-psychological factors, mechanisms and conditions for psychological adaptation of interns for professional activity. The authors distinguished objective and subjective criteria of the interns' adaptation efficiency to professional activity. A high level of maladaptation was detected in 9.2% of male and 12.5% of female interns; severe level of maladaptation in 10.3% of male and 14.0% of female interns; a moderate level of maladaptation in 36.2% and 42.1%, respectively. According to the findings medical interns were found to have such clinical and psychological manifestations of adaptation disorders as asthenic (25.5%), hyperesthetic (21.6%), depressive (16.2%), psychosomatic (14.2%), astheno-apathic (11.4%), addictive (11.1%) types of maladaptive reactions. The findings were used to elaborate a system of medical and psychological support for physicians at the stage of postgraduate education with a differentiated use of a set of psychotherapeutic methods and psychoeducation, reflecting formation mechanisms of the disorders of adaptation to the professional activity of doctors.

A comprehensive examination of 213 interns of both sexes was carried out. A system of psychotherapeutic correction of maladaptive states and psycho-preventive support of interns during the period of professional training has been developed. Levels of adaptation of internship doctors for professional activity were emphasized: high (14,1 %), average (20,2 %) and low level (65,7 %). It was described the asthenical (25,8 % of men and 22,5 % of women), hypersthenic (20,6 % of men and 23,2 % of women), anxiodepressive (11,3 % and 20,6 % respectively), psychosomatic (14,5 % of men and 18,1 % of women), asthenic-apathetical (12,3 % and 11,2 % respectively) and addictive (15,5 % of men and 4,4 % of women) variants of maladaptive reactions among the internship doctors. The developed model of the formation of disorders of adaptation of internship doctors is presented by a complex of pathogenic factors. It was established that the basis for the formation of maladaptive reactions among the internship doctors is the presence of somatic pathology, craniocerebral injury and neuroinfection in the anamnesis and the tendency to addictive behavior. Prognostically important factors in the formation of adaptation disorders are conflicts of family and professional relations, disturbing suspiciousness, low communicativeness, difficult working conditions, lack of positive emotions, awareness of inadequate level of competence, low level of motivation, and imperfectiveness of mechanisms of psychological protection. Triggers for the development of maladaptive states are the high level of professional stress, depletion of adaptation, prolonged mental stress, frustration of significant basic needs, and high rates of clinical scale of anxiety and depression HDRS. An individualized three-stage system of medical and psychological support during the professional training period, which involves the application of complex psychodiagnostic, psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational and psychoprophylactic influences, has been developed and tested.

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In the course of work, in order to identify prognostic criteria for the development of impaired motor function in preterm infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, a comprehensive examination of 79 infants of both gender born prematurely was performed. All children underwent perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, 37.9 % of them were diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy, and 20.3 % had spastic diplegia; 27.8 % - childhood hemiplegia; 13.9 % - hydrocephalus acquired. All children were developed with delayed speech function, patients with infantile hemiplegia and 89.2 % with spastic diplegia at the age of 3 caught up with their peers. Patients with spastic cerebral palsy had speech and cognitive impairment. Prognostic criteria for the likelihood of development of motor function disorders in the examined children are selected taking into account the indicators of their neurological and motor status, gestational age, gender, degree of periintraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, perivetricular ischemia. The factors leading to the categories «walking without restrictions», «walking with auxiliary devices», «walking not mastered» have been systematized. It has been proved that the combination of periintraventricular hemorrhages of the II degree with ischemic lesions of the brain of mild degree, in most cases gives a more positive prognosis, and the association with more pronounced ischemic lesions forms a heavy motor prognosis in children who were born prematurely and underwent perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Predictably unfavorable factors for the formation of cognitive and speech deficits in premature infants are intraventricular hemorrhages of the III degree and periventricular leukomalacia. The prognostic factors for the occurrence of motor disorders in preterm infants are periintraventricular hemorrhage of the II-IV degree, periventricular leukomalacia of the II degree and male gender of the child.