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Most conventional human health and function evaluation methods are based on a traditional notion that all the population characteristics follow the Gaussian distribution law with the parameters M and s forming the basis of the norm conception. But some known facts contradict this idea that requires checking the statistical homogeneity of population characteristics. Analysis of statistical distribution and central tendencies for simple measured indices in population and somatotypes samples proved an idea of natural population distinctions by a broad set of morpho-functional features (by means of 23-D matrix cluster analysis for different indices) and provided the scientific grounds to use a constitutional approach in human sciences and physical education as well. Gaussian distribution law was found within somatotype groups permitting the use of its parameters for norm evaluation. In practice for somatotype determination the relative girth body dimensions (normalized by body height) were proved to be preferable.

One of the main priorities in modern oncology is the identification and clinical application of biomarkers that can be helpful in the diagnostics and prognostication of cancer. The aim of this article was to review biomarkers for early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of breast cancer. There were reviewed three main groups of biomarkers in this article: familial breast cancer biomarkers with high and low penetration (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, etc.), biomarkers of breast cancer molecular subtypes (luminal A and luminal B, HER2/neu, basal and low in claudine) and biomarkers of early stage breast cancer progression (multigenic panels).

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