The article discusses the automation of the tool wear monitoring for collecting statistics on the cutting process and taking into account its variability in the design of technological processes for the manufacture of engineering products. It is proposed to use the diagnostic capabilities of modern CNC machines. The main methods of tool wear monitoring are considered: a direct method using optical or electromechanical methods or an indirect method using measurement of the load of drive motors or oscillations of a technological system. The automation of the direct tool wear monitoring method on the Heidenhain TNC 620 CNC system is presented. The change in load on a main motion drive during a tool wear is shown on a practical example. The experimental setup for estimating cutting tool wear by vibration level is proposed.
Рассмотрена характерная для современного машиностроения тенденция по увеличению концентрации технологических операций на многоцелевых станках и интенсификации режимов резания. Приведен анализ станочных парков различных металлообрабатывающих предприятий, который показал преобладание станков фрезерно-расточной группы. Проанализированы причины широкой номенклатуры инструментальной системы станков фрезерно-расточной группы и рассмотрено влияние многообразия инструментальной системы на динамические характеристики многоцелевых станков. Рассмотрен пример характерной для станков фрезерно-расточной группы среднего типоразмера инструментальной системы, которая включает в себя цанговый патрон, цангу и фрезу. Приведены расчеты точности и жесткости для различных вариантов инструментальной системы. С целью подтверждения полученных теоретических расчетов были проведены экспериментальные исследования в условиях реального производства при обработке серийно изготавливаемой детали типа «Корпус» на фрезерном многоцелевом станке модели VMC-600. Результаты обработки экспериментальных данных показали, что точность инструментальной системы значительно влияет на геометрическую точность обработанной детали, виброустойчивость инструментальной системы и ее жесткость. Низкая точность инструментальной системы приводит к значительному отжиму режущего инструмента на рекомендуемых режимах резания, который может превысить величину допуска на обработку, что должно быть учтено на этапе проектирования технологического процесса путем занижения режимов резания The article discusses the characteristic tendency of modern mechanical engineering to increase the concentration of technological operations on multi-purpose machine tools and intensify cutting modes. We give the analysis of machine parks of various metalworking enterprises, which showed the prevalence of milling and boring machines. This article analyzes the reasons for a wide range of tool systems for milling-boring machines and considers the influence of the diversity of the tool system on the dynamic characteristics of multi-purpose machines. We considered an example of a medium-sized tool system typical for milling and boring machines, which includes a collet chuck, a collet and a milling cutter. We give calculations of accuracy and stiffness for various versions of the instrumental system. In order to confirm the obtained theoretical calculations, we carried out experimental studies in real production conditions when processing a serially manufactured part on a VMC-600 multi-purpose milling machine. The results of experimental data processing showed that the accuracy of the tool system significantly affects the geometric accuracy of the machined part, vibration resistance of the tool system and its rigidity. The low accuracy of the tool system leads to a significant squeezing out of the cutting tool at the recommended cutting conditions, which can exceed the machining tolerance, which should be taken into account at the design stage of the technological process by understating the cutting conditions
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