Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we studied the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of bioactive substances in the roots, leaves, flowers and seeds of Heliopsis helianthoides. The results of our study showed the presence of 5 phenolic compounds in its roots, 4 phenolic compounds in its leaves, 10 phenolic compounds in its flowers and 8 phenolic compounds in its seeds. The highest content of identified compounds was found in the leaves of this plant – 3192.20±79.78 mg/kg. The dominating hydroxycinnamic acid was chlorogenic acid. This had its highest concentration (1537.21±38.43 mg/kg) in the Heliopsis helianthoides leaves. Among flavonoids, luteolin prevailed in the roots, apigenin-7-glucoside prevailed in the seeds and rutin prevailed in the leaves and flowers. Maximum rutin content (1426.64±35.67 mg/kg) was found in the Heliopsis helianthoides leaves. Antioxidant activity study in vitro uncovered the substantial antioxidant potential of bioactive substances (BASs) in all tested samples of the raw materials, being within the limits of 2.81-8.13 mg/g. Most active in this respect were Heliopsis helianthoides leaves. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of the development of new antioxidant active drugs on the basis of raw materials of Heliopsis helianthoides.

Much attention is presently paid to the study of lipids and lipophilic components of plant origin in order to fabricate medicinal preparations based on them [1,2].In continuation of research in this area, we isolated lipophilic components by the literature method [2] from milk thistle herb (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) (1), apple leaves (Malus sylvestris, Rosaceae) (2), pear leaves (Pyrus communis, Rosaceae) (3), pressings (4) and leaves (5) of cultured Cabernet-Savignon grape (Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae), and flowers (6) and leaves (7) of elder (Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae). The contents of these were (%): 4.15 (1), 6.9 (2), 2.93 (3), 11.25 (4), 13.24 (5), 4.87 (6), and 6.39 (7).These data show that the contents of lipophilic components are rather high.We also determined the fatty-acid compositions in them and the contents of carotinoids and chlorophylls (Table 1). The saturated acids in all samples were dominated by 16:0 (6.4-30.2%); unsaturated, linoleic (8.4-74.2%) and linolenic (20.8-57.8%), except for 4, 6, and 7, where its amount was insignificant (0.8-2.3%).The carotinoid contents were insignificant. We obtained additional data on the studied samples by measuring three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, which were recorded by three-dimensional scanning spectrofluorimetry in the UV and visible spectral regions on a Hitachi F4010 spectrofluorimeter in the range 350-750 nm. Spectra were processed by constructing three-dimensional plots as before [3].The principal peaks were characteristic of emission from simple phenolic compounds, certain lipids and phospholipids, and a mixture of chlorophylls.A group of peaks typical of emission from flavonoid and coumarin aglycons was also observed. The lipids and lipophilic components were studied as before [2]. The composition of fatty-acid methyl esters was determined by GC on a Chrom-5 chromatograph with a flameionization detector; N 2 carrier gas, flow rate 30 mL/min; rate of H 2 supply 35 mL/min; oxygen, 350 mL/min; temperature of decomposition 186°C, injector 230°C, detector 220°C; stationary phase Inerton AW (0.16-0.20 mm). The stationary phase was treated with dimethyldichlorosilane; mobile phase, diethyleneglycolsuccinate (10% of the stationary phase mass).Fatty acids were identified by comparison of retention times with a mixture of standards [4]. The amounts of chlorophylls and carotinoids were found as before [5].

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This article examines the impact of the special military operation carried out by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine on the interaction of Russia and Spain in the scientific and educational sphere. After February 24, 2022, the number of sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation by Western countries reached record levels. Against this background, after the start of a special military operation, Russian-Spanish relations radically changed the vector of development, the consequences of these changes manifested themselves both in the economic and political fields, as well as in the cultural, scientific and educational sphere. Almost immediately, Spanish government agencies called for an immediate freeze on any scientific and educational activities between Russia and Spain. Under this influence, most Spanish universities de jure announced the suspension of cooperation with Russian universities or organizations. This research is based on a number of scientific methods, including historical, institutional, systemic, as well as the method of comparative analysis. The authors consider the situation in the field of scientific and educational cooperation between Spain and Russia that has developed since February 2022 and they come to the conclusion that if the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is persistent and prolonged, it may lead to the final closure of joint educational programs, as well as to the termination of joint scientific research and the publication of articles by Spanish and Russian scientists. At this stage, as this analysis shows, individual cases of cooperation in the educational sphere initiated before the special military operation individually find ways to continue their implementation, Russian students continue to apply and enroll in universities in Spain. However, the tendency to curtail joint scientific and educational activities prevails.

Introduction. The studying of the chemical composition and biological activity of plant wastes is an actual problem. The Onion – Allium cepa L., the family Alliaceae belong to the plants that form both primary and secondary wastes. Primary wastes of onion – peels, are formed immediately after harvesting. Secondary are formed during processing of food industry.The aim of the study – to learn the qualitative composition and quantitative content of anthocyanins of Onion’s peels of the “Red Baron” and “Mars” varieties.Research Methods. The presence of this group of compounds in the onion peels of both varieties was confirmed by qualitative reactions with alkali and lead acetate and thin-layer chromatography. The modified spectrophotometric method according to State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2 edition monograph “Blueberry fresh fruits” was used for quantitative determination of anthocyanins.Results and Discussion. Malvidin-3-O-glycoside, malvidin-3.5-diglycoside, delphinidin-3-O-glycoside, cyanidin3-O-glycoside, cyanidine-3.5-diglycoside were identified in onion’s peels both varieties. The content of anthocyaninsin Onion`s peels of the “Red Baron” and “Mars” varieties was determined by spectrophotometric method.Conclusions. 5 anthocyanin glycosides were identified in Onion’s peels “Red Baron” and “Mars” varieties using thin layer chromatography. Optimal conditions to maximize the extraction of anthocyans from the Onion peels were selected. The quantitative content of anthocyanins in the Onion peels of the “Red Baron” and “Mars” varieties was determined.