В статье проанализировано качественное изменение институциональной среды под влиянием распространения новых цифровых технологий, таких как искусственный интеллект, цифровые платформы, блокчейн, Интернет вещей. Проведен обзор литературы по изучению влияния цифровизации на институциональную среду. Определены положительные эффекты, а также угрозы и риски цифровизации экономики. Выявлено, что цифровые технологии значительно уменьшают трансакционные издержки и тем самым разрушают существующие институциональные ловушки. Экстраполяция этой тенденции в будущее показала, что «смерть институтов» нам не грозит, но в то же время в полной мере должно проявиться действие теоремы Коуза. Однако существующие институты подвергаются давлению со стороны цифровых технологий, трансформируются или отмирают. Одновременно с этим возникают области институционального вакуума, когда новые цифровые технологии довольно долгое время остаются недостаточно институализированными, и их возможности используются не в полной мере. Определено влияние новых цифровых технологий на экономику и на институциональную среду, а также последствия такого влияния. Показано, что влияние цифровых технологий на институциональную среду может быть прямым и косвенным. При этом суть качественных изменений, происходящих в институциональной среде под влиянием цифровизации, можно обобщить в следующих вариантах: цифровизация (алгоритмизация) самих институтов, повышение эффективности существующих институтов, разрушение сложившихся институциональных ловушек и появление новых, возникновение институционального вакуума, разрушение и снижение эффективности существующих институтов (структур, соглашений). Для корректировки существующих и разработки новых институтов цифровой экономики предложено использовать принципы институционального проектирования.

The article analyzes the sources and manifestations of opportunism, as well as the measures against opportunism in banking. A deep literature review on the problem of opportunism has been carried out. The sources and forms of manifestation of opportunism in Islamic banking have been identified in the paper. The measures against opportunism have been divided into measures to prevent adverse selection and measures to reduce moral hazard. The measures against opportunism specific to Islamic banking have also been described in the article. It is shown that not all common measures to reduce moral hazard have analogues in Islamic banking. Suggestions are made as to which of the Islamic banking-specific measures against opportunism can be borrowed to be exploited in traditional banking. The prospects for the use of smart contracts in Islamic banking as a fundamentally new measure to limit opportunism have been considered. The technical and legal problems of implementing smart contracts as well as the specific problems of implementing smart contracts in Islamic banking are shown. We argue that the widespread introduction of smart contracts is very unlikely in Islamic banking as the principles of smart contracts contradict the principles and spirit of Shariah.

The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) is classifie d a s on e o f Russia’ s norther n resource- extracting regions, the contribution of human capital to whose gross regional product (GRP) is typically negligible. In this context, the study investigated the impact of higher and vocational education on the development of the region’s economy. The objective of the research was to identify the direction and influence of human capital — in particular, higher and vocational education — on the economic development of KhMAO-Yugra. Despite the resource-extracting character of this region’s economy, its development can still be influenced by the quality of its human capital, as well as by institutional traps in the higher and vocational education system. Economic-statistical research methods — including multiple correlation and regression analysis — were used in combination with an abstract-logical approach. Along with an examination of the regional higher and vocational education system, the influence of its dynamic and structural factors on socio-economic development indicators is revealed. Predictions of GRP and average monthly salaries in KhMAO-Yugra until 2030 are offered. Institutional traps inherent in the region’s current higher and vocational education system are described. Factors identified as having the most significant positive impact include the number of postgraduate students, as well as bachelor-, specialist-, and masters-level graduates. The most harmful institutional traps are shown to be departmental affiliatio n, applica nt preference s, minim um tuiti on fee and low unemployment rate. If current trends in the region’s education and scientific systems are maintained, stagnation of its economy is likely to occur, resulting in a reduction of the region’s attractiveness to young professionals. The findings of the study can be applied when making changes to regional development programmes. More research is needed to determine economic development priorities in terms of human capital or resource extraction.

The article examines domestic and foreign sources that study the impact of digitalization on the evolution of intracorporate institutions. Then the state of internal corporate institutions in the northern resource- extracting region - KhMAO-Yugra is considered. The author’s features of the classification of intracorporate institutions are proposed. Institutional traps of intracorporate institutions are identified and described, both all- Russian: the trap of the authoritarianism of the head and the trap of information asymmetry, and specific to Yugra KhMAD: the trap of bureaucracy, the trap of incentive payments and the trap of low unemployment. The influence of digitalization on the evolution of internal corporate institutions in the northern resource-extraction region is shown, including on overcoming old institutional traps and on the emergence of the new ones: the trap of ease of interaction and the trap of trust in the algorithms. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the pace of digitalization of internal corporate institutions in -Yugra KhMAD, which lags behind the global ones, was especially noted.

This article describes the factors influencing the development of the construction industry of the Khan- ty-Mansiysk Autonomous area - Yugra. from the point of view of institutional approach. In the article the analysis of federal and regional normative legal base regulating the relations of the "major players" in the construction industry, as well as the organizational structure and development institution of industry.