Based on an analysis of the features of operation of tillage working bodies proposed methods to increase their durability, combining intermittent overlaying welding surfaces by wear–resistant materials and influence deep cold. Justified stand options for cryogenic influence on details of tillage machinery. The results of the experiment for the realization of the offered methods of durability for example loosening claws of the tiller are given

The results of research on the influence of wear-resistant hardening surfacing on bionically justified parameters on the efficiency, durability and traction resistance of cultivator hoes and hoe coulters are presented. The economic efficiency of the proposed method of strengthening the hoe working bodies is determined.

The aim of the research was to increase the efficiency of use and the ability to control liquid spraying when creating artificial rain in medium to reduce energy consumption, to increase the reliability of the device for irrigation of crops, which combines additional processing of plants with various technologies for growing them by creating the necessary conditions for the formation of a water-air stream due to substantiation of the structural and geometric design parameters of sprayer. The most common irrigation method called the sprinkling is analyzed. The need to increase the economic efficiency of spray nozzle designs to improve the quality of artificial rain is shown. A fundamentally new scheme of the spraying device for innovative irrigation technologies and a mathematical model for the theoretical and technological substantiation of its main parameters: the diameters of the nozzles of the water and air nozzles, the diameter and length of the mixing chamber, as well as the necessary water and air pressures, are developed. The rationale for the design decisions of the pneumohydraulic sprayer is given. The destruction of the continuity of the liquid in the atomizer is considered taking into account the parameter of its strength during the interaction of heterogeneous phases of water and air. In this case, the air supply for spraying the liquid can be carried out either by force or by ejection. The algorithm for calculating the parameters of the spraying device is executed and works in a spreadsheet (EXCEL or WPS) using the mathematical expressions justified for the main structural and technological parameters of the device. The initial data are the pressure of water р1 and air р2 at the inlet of the sprayer, the required water flow rate G1 and the ejection coefficient u. The calculations take into account the flow coefficients of water and air µ, the gas constant R and the air temperature Т. The calculation results are displayed in EXCEL tables. Based on the results of mathematical modeling of the operation of the pneumohydraulic sprayer there were obtained the graphical dependencies to optimize its technological parameters and design solutions for the development, manufacture of a pneumohydraulic sprayer prototype and its experimental testing to obtain droplets of artificial rain of various sizes during irrigation and fertigation of crops, which will contribute to a successful solution of discussed agroindustrial complex problems.

No abstract

The paper considers development of the new area in agricultural engineering, i.e., bionics. The purpose of the work is to elaborate methodology and technical means for determining the soil deformation index as a new characteristic of its physical and mechanical properties, which makes it possible to pass directly from the processed materials deformation properties to the shape of the working surfaces of machines created in similarity to the living dorbeetle organisms. The soil deformation index is the deformer area per unit of critical pressure on the soil. When describing the soil behavior in the deformation process, the paper proposes to use this indicator in the rheological models. The method for determining the soil deformation index provides for a smooth indentation of a hemispherical tip into the soil or earth with simultaneous fixation of its immersion depth into the soil and of the force required in penetrating to this depth. Registration of these parameters is possible both on paper in the form of a diagram and electronically in the digital form. A device for the soil deformation index determination is considered, it includes a laboratory unit with the hydraulic drive, a microscope-based unit for bionic research and a device for working in the field