Background: Consumption of tobacco in the form of a water pipe has recently increased, especially among young people. This study aimed to develop a scale which would be used in order to detect perceptions about the effects of water pipe smoking on health and to test its validity and reliability. Our scale named "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was developed in order to detect factors effecting the perception of adolescents about the effects of water pipe smoking on health. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 voluntary students in scale development and 750 voluntary students in the study group. Data were collected via a questionnaire prepared by researchers themselves and 5-pont Likert scale for "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" which was prepared through the literature. Data evaluation was carried out on a computer with SPSS. Results: The findings of the study showed that "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was valid and reliable. Total score average of the adolescents participated in the study was 58.5±1.25. The mean score of the ones who did not smoke water pipe (60.1±11.7) was higher than the mean score of the ones who smoked water pipe (51.6±13.8), the difference being statistically significant. Conclusions: It is established that "a scale of perception about the effects of water pipe smoking on health" was a reliable and valid measurement tool. It is also found out that individuals who smoked a water pipe had a lower level of perception of water pipe smoking effects on health than their counterparts who did not smoke a water pipe.

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Objective: This study was carried out with the aim of determining the reasons for using, and quitting the coitus interruptus method at any stage of the lives of women aged 15- 49 years who applied to family planning clinic to use effective contraceptive methods. Method: The study was carried out descriptively and cross-sectionally. The sample of the study consisted of 200 sexually active women aged 15- 49 years who used the coitus interruptus method at any stage of their lives, and applied to a Mother and Child Health Family Planning Center in Bornova, Izmir so as to use an effective family planning method. The data of the study were collected by face to face interview method using the questionnaire form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature.The data were evaluated in SPSS, 16.0 package program and the numerical and percentage distributions of the collected data were created. Results: Sixty percent of women aged 15-49 years who participated in our study were in the 20-34 age group, and 40% of them were literate / primary school graduates.It was determined that 30.5% of these women were using the coitus interruptus method because of their spouses desired and 34% of these women quit this method due to its negative aspects.Seventy-eight percent of these women were using effective family planning methods because of their positive features and 56.0% of them preferred IUD as an effective method. It was determined that 17% of the women in our study got pregnant while using the coitus interruptus method.In addition, a significant difference was detected between age and the reasons why women preferred the coitus interruptus method (p <0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, women included in the study prefer the withdrawal method because their spouses desired, and quit it because of the negative aspects of the method.

The aim of this study was to develop the Rational Drug Use Scale which can be used to determine the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of patients for rational drug use according to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: The sample of this methodological study consisted of 550 patients who are being admitted to a Family Health Center. In the validity study of the Rational Drug Use Scale; content validity (content validity rate), construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and criterion validity (Pearson's correlation analysis) were evaluated. In reliability analysis; internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient) and item analysis were used. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.00±9.62 years and 66.9% of them were female. It was found that there was consistence between the expert views on the items of scale (90.71%). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, 36-item scale with 6 factors was reached. After confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the model was acceptable with data. For criterion validity, equivalence analysis was performed and Morisky 8-item Medication Adherence Scale was used. A significant positive correlation was found between Morisky 8-item Medication Adherence Scale (X=5.57±2.26) and Rational Drug Use Scale (X=51.04 ± 7.39) mean scores. The Rational Drug Use Scale Cronbach's alpha was found 0.85. Conclusion:It was determined that Rational Drug Use Scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool. Accordingly, it may be advisable to use Rational Drug Use Scale to assess patients' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors towards rational drug use.