Background: Chronic abdominal pain in children is a common disorder. For an accurate diagnosis of its cause, sometimes invasive diagnostic procedures such as endoscopy should be performed. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the fecal calprotectin in children with upper gastrointestinal signs and symptoms and to compare it with endoscopic findings. Methods: A total of 131 children aged 1-14 years with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were enrolled during 2012 -2013 at two centers. One hundred and twenty patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Before endoscopy, the level of calprotectin was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in stool samples and the results were compared with the endoscopic and pathology findings. Results: Of the 120 children included in this study, 71 (59.2%) were males and 49 (40.8%) females with a mean age of 93.6 months. Of the 112 patients in whom biopsies were taken, 16 had esophagitis, 89 chronic gastritis (79.5%) and 57 colonization with Helicobacter pylori. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant correlation between fecal calprotectin and gastritis and severity of H. pylori infection. Fecal calprotectin level measurement can avoid unnecessary endoscopies and is also useful for evaluation of therapy response.

Purpose Adenoviral-mediated keratoconjunctivitis is among the emergency diseases of ophthalmology with long-term sequels. The role of adenovirus infection, ocular-related genotypes, and association with ocular symptoms need to be investigated for epidemiological as well as clinical purposes. Methods The affected patients from two close keratoconjunctivitis epidemics were included in the study. The swab samples were taken from patients; the total DNA was extracted and then used as a template for in-house Real-time PCR. Besides, partial Hexon genes of 11 adenovirus positive samples were amplified and submitted to sanger sequencing. Moreover, they were finally evaluated by phylogenetic analysis. Results Of 153 patients, 92 (60.1%) were males and 47 cases (30.7%) had a history of eye infection in the family or colleagues. Real-time PCR tests of 126 samples (82.4%) were positive for adenovirus, and all eleven cases that underwent sequencing analysis were determined to be group 8 (HAdV-D8). Adenovirus infection has a significant relationship with infection among family or colleagues (p = 0.048), membrane formation (p = 0.047), conjunctival bleeding (p = 0.046), tearing, and pain(p < 0.05). Conclusions The results indicated that Adenovirus is the major cause of keratoconjunctivitis, and HAdV-D8 was the most common genotype in the area. There were some clinical manifestations associated with Adenovirus infection of the conjunctiva.

Purpose Adenoviral mediated keratoconjunctivitis is among the emergency diseasees of ophthalmology with long-term sequels. The role of adenovirus infection, ocular-related genotypes, and association with ocular symptoms needs to be investigated for epidemiological as well as clinical purposes. Methods The affected patients from two close keratoconjunctivitis epidemics were included in the study. The swab samples were taken from patients; total DNA was extracted and then was introduced into an in-house Real-Time PCR reaction. Besides, partial Hexon genes of 11 adenovirus positive samples were amplified and submitted to sanger sequencing. Moreover, they were finally evaluated by phylogenetic analysis. Results Of the 153 patients, 92 (60.1%) were males and 47 cases (30.7%) had a history of eye infection in the family or colleagues. A Real-time PCR test of 126 samples (82.4%) was positive for adenovirus, and all eleven cases that underwent sequencing analysis were determined to be serotype 8 (HAdV-D8). Adenovirus infection has a significant relationship with infection among family or colleagues (p = 0.048), membrane formation (p = 0.047), conjunctival bleeding (p = 0.046), and pain. Conclusions The results indicated that Adenovirus is the major cause of keratoconjuctivitis and HAdV-D8 was the most common genotype in the area. There were some clinical manifestations associated with Adenovirus infection of the conjunctiva.