Gingival enlargement is a common clinical feature of gingival and periodontal diseases. Currently, more than 20 prescription medications are associated with gingival enlargement. Although the mechanisms of action may be different, the clinical and microscopic appearance of drug-induced gingival enlargement is similar with any drug. Gingival enlargement produces esthetic changes, and clinical symptoms including pain, tenderness, bleeding, speech disturbances, abnormal tooth movement, dental occlusion problems, enhancement of caries development and periodontal disorders. Sodium valproate is considered to produce gingival enlargement, but very rarely. This case report features sodium valproate induced gingival enlargement in a patient with pre-existing chronic periodontitis, who came to the Dental Department, Chinmaya Mission Hospital, Bangalore. The case is special as the patient did not develop the enlargement in spite of taking phenytoin for 1 year and developed enlargement with sodium valproate within 6 months.

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Background: Evaluation of existing oral health services showed that it is predominantly urban oriented, mostly curative in nature and accessible mainly to small a part of population, i.e., privileged few. Periodontal diseases are more prevalent in a rural population than the urban population. The socio demographic profile is highly contrasting between the urban and rural population. It is essential to know whether these sociodemographic factors influence periodontal disease by comparing periodontal status of urban and rural population. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess and compare the periodontal status and treatment needs of rural and urban population in Tumkur district. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The sample consisted of 1500 subjects among which 750 subjects were selected from the rural population and 750 from urban population of Tumkur district. The data was collected by modified WHO oral health assessment form and clinical examination was conducted by using CPITN C probe. Results: It was found that the urban population had better periodontal health than rural population and this relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: India is a country with a population having diverse culture, life style and religious beliefs which might influence the health status of the individuals significantly. Hence, it is necessary to conduct such surveys in different parts of the country and develop a strategy to improve the periodontal status of the population as a whole.

Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) comprises a group of diseases characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation affecting the soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is important to establish the diagnosis accurately because this condition is sometimes a manifestation of many systemic conditions like Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis. The clinical outcome of OFG patients continues to be unpredictable. Current therapies remain unsatisfactory. This article reports a rare case of isolated OFG with langhans type giant cells and inflammatory infiltrate without any systemic involvement, in which the condition was a manifestation of pregnancy. The diagnostic approach to and the treatment of OFG are reviewed.

The disorder may not be segregating as an autosomal recessive trait and we could have been misled by consanguinity in the family. It could be a multifactorial trait, or it could be still segregating as an autosomal recessive trait, but the region of homozygosity could be small and we failed to detect it using microsatellite markers. Therefore, SNP-marker-based analysis is warranted in future.