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Detailed studies of trace fossils have been carried out in five sections of glaciolacustrine varved sediments (Balbieriškis 2 and 3 outcrops, clay pits of Pašaminė, Krūna and Tauragė). Trace fossils gor dia isp., Helminthoidichnites isp. and galaciichnium liebegastensis are relatively common, and Coch lichnus anguineus, Warvichnium ulbrichi and curved ridges are rare. These trace fossils are typical of the Mermia ichnofacies. Their occurrence is related to the warmer climate of the Late Pleistocene North European glacial interphasials or interoscillations. The trace fossils can be used for recognition of lacustrine subfacies and climatic warming.

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This study of peri-urban minerogenic topsoil on glacigenic or post-glacial deposits shows the influence of the site-classification approach on the differentiated median background (DMB) values of major elements and the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Composite samples from forests and meadows were taken in 25 sites, each of which had five sub-sites. A fraction of <2 mm was used to determine the organic matter by loss on ignition (LOI), grain size by laser diffraction and the elemental contents by X-ray fluorescence. The following five site-classification approaches are compared: geochemical (G), using relative median contents of Al, K, Ti; textural (T), according to mean percentages of clay-sized fraction (CLF) and silt fraction (SIF); lithological (L), based on soil parent material texture from the soil database; soil type (S), presented in the soil database; and parent material (P), generalising the underlying Quaternary deposits. Sites were classified into four level groups in which the DMB values were estimated after eliminating anomalies. The average ranks of three scores according to SIF, CLF, LOI, Al, K, Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca and S in the respective groups revealed the highest value for the G approach. It better eliminates the CLF and SIF influences on the median assessment indices of PHEs in sites.